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This figure is a line graph of the magnitude of the storm surge in mm (vertical axis) versus time for the period of April 2002 to April 2005. The surge shows high-frequency variability and ranges between -200mm and +200mm.
- Chatham Islands climate change
- Executive summary
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Historical trends and patterns in Chatham Islands climate
- Figure 2.2 Chatham Islands summer, autumn, winter and spring mean temperature anomalies for the period 1878-2004, shown as deviations in °C from the 1971-2000 normal
- Figure 2.3 Chatham Islands annual rainfall anomalies for the period 1878 - 2004, shown as the percentage of the 1971-2000 normal
- Figure 2.4 Chatham Islands summer and autumn rainfall anomalies for the period 1878 - 2004, shown as the percentage of the 1971-2000 normal
- Figure 2.5 Chatham Islands winter and spring rainfall anomalies for the period 1878 - 2004, shown as the percentage of the 1971-2000 normal
- Figure 3.1:
- 3. Expected temperature and rainfall changes
- 4. Tides, storm surge and the effects of sea level rise
- Figure 4.1 Probability of exceedance of predictable high tides based on tide data from the Kaingaroa tide gauge
- Figure 4.2 Probability of exceedance of predictable high tides over the next 100 years (2000-2099), excluding the effects of sea-level rise, based on tide data from the Kaingaroa tide-gauge
- Figure 4.3 Schematic showing components of a storm tide
- Figure 4.4 Storm surge magnitude over the three year period of sea level recordings from the Kaingaroa tide gauge
- Figure 4.5 Minimum daily barometric pressure (hPa) versus maximum daily storm surge (mm) for the Kaingaroa tide-gauge from May 2002 to May 2005
- Figure 4.6 Minimum daily barometric pressure (hPa) for February 2004 (top), and mid November to mid December 1971 (bottom)
- Figure 4.7 Summary of the relative magnitudes of long period sea level fluctuations (excluding storm-driven fluctuations and global warming effects)
- Figure 4.8 IPCC (2001) global mean sea level rise projections (tied back to 1990)
- Figure 4.9
- 5. Analysis of heavy rainfall - Past and future
- 6. Discussion and recommendations
- 7. References