Glossary
Diffuse discharges: A general discharge or seepage,
either over or under ground, of water borne material, which is not from
any readily identifiable point. Also known as non-point source discharges.
Point source discharges: A discharge from a readily
identifiable source, such as from the end of a pipe.
Value: Value is defined in its holistic sense and
not just in reference to economic value. It encompasses all aspects
of sustainable development: environmental, social, cultural, economic.
Intensification (of agriculture): An increase in the
stocking rate of animals, or increase in the level of production, from
a given area of land.
Policy tools:
- Suasive measures: Suasive measures fall into two
broad groups: education and the provision of information and voluntary
agreements. This latter group includes industry agreements, such as
environmental management systems, and negotiated agreements between
industry and government.
- Command and control: These measures (or direct
regulation) are "Institutional measures aimed directly at influencing
the environmental performance of polluters by regulating processes
and products used, by banning or limiting the discharge of certain
pollutants, and/or restricting activities to certain times, areas
etc". (OECD)
- Economic instruments: Market type levers used
by natural resource managers to change the behaviour of polluters.