Table G1: Bathing-related illnesses, symptoms and pathogens, with relevant
references
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| Illness/symptomsSymptoms |
Pathogen |
Reference |
| Campylobacteriosis – acute diarrhoea with risk of dehydration
lasting about five days, but may be longer. Usually with fever, headaches
and nausea in the first stages. Abdominal pain can be sufficiently severe
for patients to be hospitalised with suspected appendicitis. |
Campylobacter jejuni |
Koenraad et al. 1997 |
| Cryptosporidiosis – acute diarrhoea. Symptoms may wax
and wane but duration in healthy persons is usually less than 20 days
with spontaneous complete recovery. May be fatal in immunocompromised
patients. |
Cryptosporidium parvum |
Sorvillo et al. 1992 |
| Ear infection – otitis externa, skin infection of the
outer ear and otitis media, inner ear infection with exudate and earache. |
Not identified (usually Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus,
and Staphylococcus) |
Robson & Leung 1990 |
| Enterovirus-like illness – vomiting, diarrhoea, and abdominal
pain. |
Enteroviruses (type not identified) |
D'Alessio et al. 1981 |
| Hepatitis A – long incubation with symptoms developing
gradually. Symptoms include loss of appetite, malaise, fever and vomiting
followed by jaundice. |
Hepatitis A virus |
Bryan et al. 1974 |
| Norwalk gastrointestinal illness – usually sudden onset
with vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Vomiting frequently appears
without warning and may be projectile and uncontrollable, while diarrhoea
may be explosive. |
Small round structured viruses (SRSVs), including Norwalk virus |
Barron et al. 1982 |
| Respiratory illness – cold and flu-like symptoms. May
be associated with fever. |
Adeno virus and others not identified |
McBride, Salmond et al. 1998; Corbett et al. 1993; Fattal et al. 1986 |
| Shigellosis – diarrhoea that may vary from relatively
mild to violent, with abdominal pains and fevers. |
Shigella sonnei |
Rosenberg et al. 1976 |
| Swimmer’s ear – otitis externa, infection of the
outer ear. |
Not identified (usually Pseudemonas aeruginosa) |
Calderon & Mood 1982 |
| Typhoid and Paratyphoid (enteric) – fever |
Salmonella typhi and Salmonella
paratyphi |
PHLS 1959 |
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