Table A2.5: Treatment efficacies for cyanotoxins

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Table symbols: * limited removal; ** more than 50% removal; *** more than 80% removal.

Where a < value is noted in the table, this is the minimum concentration that can be achieved by the process, even if the combination of initial concentration and percentage removal indicate that a lower concentration can be achieved.

Table A2.6:Treatment efficacies for water constituents/contaminants of aesthetic significance

Contaminant	Coagulation	Slow sand filtration	Activated carbon	Permanganate	Chlorination	Ozonation
Anatoxin
Anatoxin-a(s)						***a
Cylindrospermopsin					***b
Homoanatoxin-a
Microcystins	*c	**f	*d	***e <0.001		***a
Nodularin
Saxitoxins			**g		***h

References Table A2.5:

a Rositano et al., 2001, Wat. Res., 35, 23–32

b Rodriguez et al., 2007, Wat. Res., 41, 2048–2056

c Lambert et al., 1996, Wat. Res., 30, 1411–1422

d Drikas et al., 2001, AWWA Water Quality Technology Conference, Nashville, Tennessee

e Rodriquez et al., 2007, Wat. Res., 41, 102–110

f Bourne et al., 2006, Wat. Res., 40, 1294–1302

g Orr et al., 2005, Wat. Res., 40, 1294

h Nicholson et al., 2003, Environ. Tech., 24, 1341–1348

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