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5. References of Main Text and Appendices

A Rivers

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Bartholow JM. 1989. Stream Temperature Investigations: Field and analytic methods. Instream flow information paper 13. US Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 89(17), 139 p.

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Biggs BJF. 1996. Hydraulic habitats of plants in streams. Regulated Rivers: Research and management 12: 131–44.

Biggs BJF. 2000. New Zealand Periphyton Guideline: Detecting, monitoring and managing enrichment of streams. Ministry for the Environment, 122 p.

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Biggs BJF, Price GM. 1987. A survey of filamentous algal proliferations in New Zealand rivers. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 21: 175–91.

Biggs BJF, Smith RA. 2002. Taxonomic richness of stream benthic algae: effects of flood disturbance and nutrients. Limnology and Oceanography 47: 1175–86.

Biggs BJF, Stevenson RJ, Lowe RL. 1998. A habitat matrix conceptual model for stream periphyton. Archives for Hydrobiology 143: 21–56.

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Bovee KD. 1982. A guide to stream habitat analysis using the instream flow incremental methodology. US Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Services Program FWS/OBS–82/26, Instream flow information paper 12, 248 p.

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Chapman DW. 1966. Food and space as regulators of salmonid populations in streams. The American Naturalist 100: 346–57.

Charteris SC, Allibone RM, Death RG. 2003. Spawning site selection, egg development, and larval drift of Galaxias postvectis and G. fasciatus in a New Zealand stream. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 37: 493–505.

Clausen B, Biggs BJF. 1997. Relationships between benthic biota and hydrological indices in New Zealand streams. Freshwater Biology 38: 327–42.

Clausen B, Jowett IG, Biggs BJF, Moeslund B. 2004. Stream ecology and flow management. In: Tallaksen LM, Van Lanen HAJ (eds), Developments in Water Science 48: 411–53. Elsevier.

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Collings MR. 1972. A methodology for determining instream flow requirements for fish. In: Proceedings, Instream Flow Metrology Workshop, Washington State Water Program, Olympia,pp. 72–86.

Crowe A, Hayes J, Stark J, Strickland R, Hewitt T, Kemp C. 2004. The Current State of the Maitai River: A review of existing information. Cawthron Report No. 857, 166 p.

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Death RG, Winterbourn MJ. 1995. Diversity patterns in stream benthic invertebrate communities: the influence of habitat stability. Ecology 76: 1446–60.

Death RG, Zimmerman EM. 2005. Interaction between disturbance and primary productivity in determining stream invertebrate diversity. Oikos 111: 392–402.

Dedual M, Jowett IG. 1999. Movement of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during the spawning migration in the Tongariro River, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 33: 107–17.

Dewson ZS, James ABW, Death RG. 2007. The short-term effects of discharge reduction on benthic invertebrate communities and physical characteristics of small New Zealand streams. Freshwater Biology 52: 357–69.

Dunbar MJ, Gustard A, Acreman MC, Elliot CRN. 1998. Overseas Approaches to Setting River Flow Objectives. R&D Technical Report W6–161. Environment Agency and Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford, 83 p.

Fausch KD, Taniguchi Y, Nakano S, Grossman GD, Townsend CR. 2001. Flood disturbance regimes influence rainbow trout invasion success among holarctic regions. Ecological Applications 11: 1438–55.

Filbert RB, Hawkins CP. 1995. Variation in condition of rainbow trout in relation to food, temperature, and individual length in the Green River, Utah. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 124: 824–35.

Fraser JC. 1978. Suggestions for Developing Flow Recommendations for In-stream Uses of New Zealand Streams. Water and Soil Miscellaneous Publication 6, Ministry of Works and Development, Wellington.

Ghanem A, Steffler P, Hicks F, Katapodis C. 1996. Two-dimensional simulation of physical habitat conditions in flowing streams. Regulated Rivers 12: 185–200.

Ginot V. 1998. Logiciel EVHA: Evaluation de l’habitat physique des poissons en rivière (version 2.0). Cemagref Lyon BEA/LHQ et Ministère de l’aménagement du territoire et de l’environnement, Direction de l’eau, Paris, France.

Gippel CJ, Stewardson MJ. 1998. Use of wetted perimeter in defining minimum environmental flows. Regulated Rivers: Resource Management 14: 53–67.

Graf WH. 1971. Hydraulics of Sediment Transport. McGraw-Hill, New York.

Harding JS. 1994. Variations in benthic fauna in differing lake outlet types in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 28: 417–27.

Hayes JW. 1995. Spatial and temporal variation in the relative density and size of juvenile brown trout in the Kakanui River, North Otago, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 29: 393–408.

Hayes JW, Hughes NF, Kelly LH. 2003. Overview of a process-based model relating stream discharge to the quantity and quality of brown trout habitat. Proceedings of the International IFIM Workshop. Fort Collins, Colorado, June 2003.

Heggenes J. 1988. Physical habitat selection by brown trout (Salmo trutta) in riverine systems. Nordic Journal of Freshwater Research 64: 74–90.

Heggenes J. 1996. Habitat selection by brown trout (Salmo trutta) and young atlantic salmon (S. salar) in streams: static and dynamic hydraulic modelling. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 12: 155–69.

Hudson HH, Byrom AE, Chadderton LW. 2003. A Critique of the IFIM: Instream habitat simulation in the New Zealand context. Department of Conservation, Science for Conservation 231.

Hynes HBN. 1970. The Ecology of Running Waters. Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 555 p.

Irvine JR, Henriques PR. 1984. A preliminary investigation on effects of fluctuating flows on invertebrates of the Hawea River, a large regulated river in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 18: 283–90.

Jorde K. 1997. Ökologisch begründete, dynamische Mindestwasserregelungen bei Ausleitungskraftwerken. Mitteilungen des Instituts für Wasserbau, Heft 90, Universität Stuttgart, 155 p.

Jowett IG. 1990. Factors related to the distribution and abundance of brown and rainbow trout in New Zealand clear-water rivers. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 24(3): 429–40.

Jowett IG. 1992. Models of the abundance of large brown trout in New Zealand rivers. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 12(3): 417–32.

Jowett IG. 1993a. Minimum Flow Assessments for Instream Habitat in Wellington Rivers. NZ Freshwater Miscellaneous Report No. 63. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Christchurch, 33 p.

Jowett IG. 1993b. Report on Minimum Flow Requirements for Instream Habitat in Taranaki rivers. NZ Freshwater Miscellaneous Report No. 75. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Christchurch, p.35

Jowett IG. 1995. Spatial and temporal variability in brown trout abundance: a test of regression models. Rivers 5: 1–12.

Jowett IG. 1996. Course Notes for Instream Flow Methods and Minimum Flow Requirements. NIWA unpublished report, 44 p.

Jowett IG. 1998. Hydraulic geometry of New Zealand rivers and its use as a preliminary method of habitat assessment. Regulated Rivers 14: 451–66.

Jowett IG. 2000. Flow Management. In: Collier KJ, Winterbourn M (eds), New Zealand Stream Invertebrates: Ecology and implications for management, pp.289–312. Hamilton, New Zealand Limnological Society.

Jowett IG. 2002. In-stream habitat suitability criteria for feeding inanga (Galaxias maculatus). New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 36: 399–407.

Jowett IG, Biggs BJF. 1997. Flood and velocity effects on periphyton and silt accumulation in two New Zealand rivers. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 31: 287–300.

Jowett IG, Biggs BJF. 2006. Flow regime requirements and the biological effectiveness of habitat-based minimum flow assessments for six rivers. Journal of River Basin Management 4(3): 179–89.

Jowett IG, Duncan MJ. 1990. Flow variability in New Zealand rivers and its relationship to in-stream habitat and biota. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 24(3): 305–17.

Jowett IG, Elliott A. 2006. Cohesive Sediment Design Parameters for Auckland Streams. NIWA Client Report: HAM2006–108.

Jowett IG, Hayes JW. 2004. Review of Methods for Setting Water Quantity Conditions in the Environment Southland Draft Regional Water Plan. NIWA Client Report: HAM2004–018, 86 p.

Jowett IG, Hayes JW, Duncan MJ. (In press.) A Guide to Instream Habitat Survey Methods and Analysis. NIWA Science and Technology Series.

Jowett IG, Kingsland S, Collier K. 2003. WAIORA User Guide – Version 2.0. NIWA Client Report HAM2003, 163 p.

Jowett I, Milhous R. 2002. Why rivers get clearer as they flow downstream. Water and Atmosphere 10(1): 16–17.

Jowett IG, Richardson J. 1989. Effects of a severe flood on instream habitat and trout populations in seven New Zealand rivers. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 23(1): 11–17.

Jowett IG, Richardson J. 1994. Comparison of habitat use by fish in normal and flooded river conditions. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 28: 409–16.

Jowett IG, Richardson J. 1995. Habitat preferences of common, riverine New Zealand native fishes and implications for flow management. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 29:13–23.

Jowett IG, Richardson J. 1996. Distribution and abundance of freshwater fish in New Zealand rivers. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 30: 239–55.

Jowett IG, Richardson J, Bonnett ML. 2005. Relationship between flow regime and fish abundances in a gravel-bed river, New Zealand. Journal of Fish Biology 66: 1–18.

Jowett IG, Richardson J, McDowall RM. 1996. Relative effects of in-stream habitat and land use on fish distribution and abundance in tributaries of the Grey River, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 30: 463–75.

Kellerhals R, Church M. 1989. The morphology of large rivers: characterization and management. In Dodge DP (ed), Proceedings of the International Large River Symposium. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 106: 31–48.

Kelly LH, Hay J, Hughes NF, Hayes JW. 2005. Flow Related Models for Simulating River Hydraulics, Invertebrate Drift Transport, and Foraging Energetics of Drift-feeding Salmonids: Users Guide (Version 1.0). Cawthron Report No 922. Prepared in association with the US Bureau of Land Management and University of Alaska Fairbanks, 40 p.

Killingtviet Å, Harby A. 1994. Multi-purpose Planning with the River System Simulator: A decision support system for water resources planning and operation. In: Proceedings of the first international symposium on habitat hydraulics, Norwegian Institute of Technology, Trondheim.

King JM, Tharme RE, de Villiers MS. 2000. Environmental Flow Assessments for Rivers: Manual for the building block methodology. WRC Report TT 131/00. Freshwater Research Unit, University of Cape Town, South Africa.

Kondolf GM, Larsen EW, Williams JG. 2000. Measuring and modelling the hydraulic environment for assessing the instream flow. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 20: 1016–28.

Lamouroux N, Capra H, Pouilly M. 1998. Predicting habitat suitability for lotic fish: linking statistical hydraulic models with multivariate habitat use models. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 14: 1–11.

Lamouroux N, Capra H. 2002. Simple predictions of instream habitat model outputs for target fish populations. Freshwater Biology 47: 1543–56.

Lamouroux N, Jowett IG. 2005. Generalized instream habitat models. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62: 7–14.

Leopold LB, Maddock T. 1953. The Hydraulic Geometry of Stream Channels and Some Physiographic Implications. United States Geological Survey paper 252, p.57.

Leopold LB, Wolman MG, Miller JP. 1964. Fluvial Processes in Geomorphology. San Francisco, WH Freeman, 522 p.

LePrieur F, Hickey MA, Arbuckle CJ, Closs GP, Brosses S, Townsend CR. 2006. Hydrological disturbance benefits a native fish at the expense of an exotic fish. Journal of Applied Ecology 43: 930–9.

Mathews R, Richter BD. 2007. Application of the indicators of hydrologic alteration software in environmental flow setting. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 43(6): 1400–13.

Mathur D, Bason WH, Purdy Jr EJ, Silver CA. 1985. A critique of the instream flow incremental methodology. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42: 825–31.

McDowall RM. 1990. New Zealand Freshwater Fishes: A natural history and guide. Auckland, Heinemann Reed. 553 p.

McDowall RM. 1995. Seasonal pulses in migrations of New Zealand diadromous fish and the potential impacts of river mouth closure. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 29: 517–26.

McDowall RM, Eldon GA. 1997. Reproductive cycling and fecundity estimation in the upland bully, Gobiomorphus breviceps (Stokell) (Teleostei: Eleotridae). Journal of Fish Biology 51: 164–79.

McIntosh AR. 2000. Habitat- and size-related variations in exotic trout impacts on native galaxiid fishes in New Zealand streams. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57: 2140–51.

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Milhous RT, Updike MA, Schneider DM. 1989. Physical Habitat Simulation System Reference Manual – Version II, US Fish and Wildlife Service Instream Flow Information Paper No. 26. Biological Report 89(16).

Mosley MP. 1982. The effect of changing discharge on channel morphology and instream uses in a braided river, Ohau River, New Zealand. Water Resources Research 18: 800–12.

Mosley MP. 1992. River Morphology. In: Mosley MP (ed), Waters of New Zealand, pp. 285–304. New Zealand Hydrological Society, Wellington.

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Park CC. 1977. Worldwide variations in hydraulic geometry exponents of stream channels: an analysis and some observations. Journal of Hydrology 33: 133–46.

Payne TR, Eggers SD, Parkinson DB. 2004. The number of transects required to compute a robust PHABSIM habitat index. Hydroécologie appliqué 14: 27–54.

Poff NL, Ward JV. 1989. Implications of streamflow variability and predictability for lotic community structure: a regional analysis of streamflow patterns. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46: 1805–18.

Quinn JM, Hickey CW. 1990. Characterisation and classification of benthic invertebrates in 88 New Zealand rivers in relation to environmental factors. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 24: 387–406.

Richardson J, Jowett IG. 2006. Testing Habitat-based In-stream Flow Methods for Native Fish. In: Proceedings of the New Zealand Freshwater Sciences Society conference 2006, Rotorua.

Richter BD, Baumgartner JV, Wigington R, Braun DP. 1997. How much water does a river need? Freshwater Biology 37: 231–49.

Richter BD, Warner AT, Meyer JL, Lutz K. 2006. A collaborative and adaptive process for developing environmental flow recommendations. River Research and Applications 22(3): 297–318.

Riis T, Biggs BJF. 2003. Hydrologic and hydraulic control of macrophyte establishment and performance in streams. Limnology and Oceanography 48(4): 1488–97.

Sagar PM. 1983. Invertebrate recolonisation of previously dry channels in the Rakaia River. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 17: 377–86.

Scarsbrook MR, Townsend CR. 1993. Stream community structure in relation to spatial and temporal variation: a habitat templet study of two contrasting New Zealand streams. Freshwater Biology 29:395–410.

Scott D, Shirvell CS. 1987. A critique of the instream flow incremental methodology and observations on flow determination in New Zealand. In: Kemper JB, Craig J (eds), Regulated Streams: Advances in ecology, pp. 27–44. Plenum Press, New York.

Scrimgeour GJ, Winterbourn MJ. 1989. Effects of floods on epilithon and benthic macroinvertebrate populations in an unstable New Zealand river. Hydrobiologia 171: 33–44.

Simpkins DG, Hubert WA. 2000. Drifting invertebrates, stomach contents, and body conditions of juvenile rainbow trout from fall through winter in a Wyoming tailwater. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 129: 1176–84.

Smith AK. 1973. Development and application of spawning velocity and depth criteria for Oregon salmonids. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 102: 312–16.

Snelder TH, Biggs BJ, Woods RA. 2005. Improved eco-hydrological classification of rivers. River Research and Applications 21(6): 609–28.

Stalnaker CB, Lamb L, Henriksen J, Bovee K, Bartholow J. 1995. The Instream Flow Incremental Methodology: A primer for IFIM. National Biological Service, Fort Collins, Biological Report 29, 45 p.

Suren A, Jowett IG. 2006. Effects of floods versus low flows on invertebrates in a New Zealand gravel-bed river. Freshwater Biology 51: 2207–27.

Tarbet KL, Hardy TB. 1996. Evaluation of One-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Hydraulic Modeling in a Natural River and Implications. In Leclerc M, Capra H, Valentin S, Boudreault A, Cote Y (eds), Proceedings of Ecohydraulics 2000, the Second International Symposium on Habitat Hydraulics, Vol. B, pp. B395–B406. INRS-Eau, FQSA and IAHR/AIRH, Quebec, Canada.

Teirney LD, Jowett IG. 1990. Trout Abundance in New Zealand Rivers: An assessment by drift diving. Freshwater Fisheries Report 118. Freshwater Fisheries Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Christchurch, 47 p.

Teirney LD, Richardson J, Unwin MJ. 1982. Submission on the Draft Inventory of Wild and Scenic Rivers of National Importance. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Fisheries Environmental Report 28, 122 p.

Tennant DL. 1976. Instream flow regimens for fish, wildlife, recreation, and related environmental resources. In: Orsborn JF, Allman CH (eds), Proceedings of the Symposium and Speciality Conference on Instream Flow Needs II, pp. 359–73. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.

Tharme RE. 1996. Review of International Methodologies for the Quantification of the Instream Flow Requirements of Rivers. Water Law Review Report for Policy Development, Freshwater Research Unit, Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, South Africa.

Thompson RM, Townsend CR. 2000. Is resolution the solution? the effect of taxonomic resolution on the calculated attributes of three stream food webs. Freshwater Biology 44: 413–22.

Unwin M, Image K. 2003. Angler usage of lake and river fisheries managed by Fish & Game New Zealand: Results from the 2001/02 National Angling Survey. NIWA Client Report No. CHC2003–114. NIWA Christchurch.

Venman MR, Dedual M. 2005. Migratory behaviour of spawning rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Tongariro River, New Zealand, after habitat alteration. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39: 951–61.

Waddle T, Steffler P, Ghanem A, Katopodis C, Locke A. 2000. Comparison of one and two-dimensional open channel flow models for a small habitat stream. Rivers 7: 205–20.

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Wilding TK. 2002. Minimum Flow Report for Streams of the Kaimai Area: Environmental Report 2002/05. Environment BOP, Whakatane.

B Lakes and wetlands

Browne K, Campbell C. 2005. Ecohydrological Characterization of Opuatia Wetland and Recommendations for Future Management. Environment Waikato Technical Report 2005/15, 50 p.

Campbell D, Jackson R. 2004. Wetland Hydrology. In : Harding J, Mosley P, Pearson C, Sorrell B (eds), Freshwaters of New Zealand, 764 p. New Zealand Hydrological Society Inc and New Zealand Limnological Society Inc, Christchurch.

Clarkson BR, Sorrell BK, Reeves PN, Champion PD, Partridge TR, Clarkson BD. 2003. Handbook for Monitoring Wetland Condition, 73 p. Ministry for the Environment, Wellington.

Clayton J, Edwards T, Froude V. 2002. LakeSPI: A method for monitoring ecological condition in New Zealand lakes. NIWA Client Report HAM2002–011.

de Winton M, Schwarz A-M. 2004. Littoral Algal and Macrophyte Communities. In: Harding J, Mosley P, Pearson C, Sorrell B (eds), Freshwaters of New Zealand, pp. 24.1–24.14. New Zealand Hydrological Society Inc and New Zealand Limnological Society Inc, Christchurch, 764 p.

ECNZ. 1995. Lake Taupo: Lake levels. Electricity Corporation of New Zealand, Hamilton, 7 p.

Genesis Power Limited. 2000. Tongariro Power Development: Resource consent applications and assessment of environmental effects. Genesis Power Limited, Wellington, 526 p plus appendices.

Hamilton D. 1999. Numerical Modelling and Lake Management: Applications of the DYRESM model. In: Tundisi JG, Tundisi M (eds), Theoretical Reservoir Ecology and its Applications, pp. 153–74. Backhuys Publishing, The Netherlands.

Hamilton D, Hawes I, Davies Colley R. 2004. Physical and chemical characteristics of lake water. In: Harding J, Mosley P, Pearson C, Sorrell B (eds), Freshwaters of New Zealand, pp. 21.1–21.19. New Zealand Hydrological Society Inc and New Zealand Limnological Society Inc, Christchurch, 764 p.

Hamilton D, McBride C, Uraoka T. 2005. Lake Rotoiti Fieldwork and Modelling to Support Considerations of Ohau Channel Diversion from Lake Rotoiti. University of Waikato report to Environment Bay of Plenty. http://www.ebop.govt.nz/water.

Henderson RD, Clement JA. 1995. Analyses of Lake Level Fluctuations in Lake Coleridge. NIWA Report to the Lake Coleridge Working Party. 23 p plus appendices.

Hicks DM, McKerchar A, OBrirn R. 2000. Lakeshore Geomorphic Processes, Lake Taupo. NIWA Client report to Might River Power, Hamilton.

James GD, Graynoth E. 2002. Influence of fluctuating lake levels and water clarity on trout populations in littoral zones of New Zealand alpine lakes. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 36: 39–52.

Johnson PN, Gerbeaux P. 2004. Wetland Types in New Zealand. Department of Conservation, 184 p.

Kelly D, McDowall R. 2004. Littoral Invertebrate and Fish Communities. In: Harding J, Mosley P, Pearson C, Sorrell B (eds), Freshwaters of New Zealand, pp. 25.1–25.14. New Zealand Hydrological Society Inc and New Zealand Limnological Society Inc, Christchurch, 764 p.

Kirk RM, Henriques PR. 1986. Physical and biological aspects of shoreline change: Lake Ohau, South Island, New Zealand. Journal of Shoreline Management 2: 305–26.

Kirk RM, Komar PD, Allan JC, Stephenson WJ. 2000. Shoreline erosion on Lake Hawea, New Zealand, caused by high lake levels and storm-wave run-up. Journal of Coastal Research 1622: 346–56.

Mark AF, Kirk RM. 1987. Lake levels and lakeshore erosion. In: Vant WN (ed), Lake Managers Handbook: A guide to undertaking and understanding investigations in to lake ecosystems, so as to assess management options for lakes. Wellington, National Water and Soil Conservation Authority, 230 p.

Mighty River Power. 2001. Taupo Waikato Resource Consents Application and Assessment of Effects. Mighty River Power, Hamilton. 206 p plus appendices.

Mosley P. 2004. Geomorphology and Hydrology of Lakes. In: Harding J, Mosley P, Pearson C, Sorrell B (eds), Freshwaters of New Zealand. New Zealand Hydrological Society Inc and New Zealand Limnological Society Inc, Christchurch, 764 p.

Pridmore RD, Vant WN, Rutherford JC. 1985. Chlorophyll-nutrient relationships in North Island lakes (New Zealand). Hydrobiologia 121: 181–9.

Rapson GL, Sykes MT, Lee WG, Hewitt AE, Agnew ADQ, Wilson JB. 2006. Subalpine gully-head ribbon fens of the Lammerlaw and Lammermoor Ranges, Otago, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 44: 351–75.

Riis T, Hawes I. 2002. Relationships between water level fluctuations and vegetation diversity in shallow water of New Zealand lakes. Aquatic Botany 74: 133–48.

Ryding S-O, Rast W (eds). 1989. The Control of Eutrophication of Lakes and Reservoirs. Paris, UNESCO, and Carnforth, UK, Parthenon Publishing, 314 p.

Sorrell BK, Unwin M, Dey H, Hurren H. 2006. Snapshot – Lake Water Quality. NIWA Client Report for Ministry of the Environment, 64 p.

Spigel RH, Howard-Williams C, Gibbs M, Stephens S, Waugh B. 2005. Field calibration of a formula for entrance mixing of river inflows to lakes: Lake Taupo, North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39: 785–802.

Stephens S. 2004. Modelling the Diversion of the Ohau Channel Outflow I: Lake Rotoiti to the Kaituna River. NIWA Client Report HAM2004–164 for Environment Bay of Plenty http://www.ebop.govt.nz/water/media/pdf/Lakes_3D_diversion_walls.pdf.

Taupo-nui-a-Tia. 2004. 2020 Taupo-nui-a-Tia Action Plan: An Integrated Sustainable Development Strategy for the Lake Taupo Catchment. http://www.taupoinfo.org.nz/pdf/v1-2020_Taupo-nui-a-Tia_Action_Plan.pdf.

Tiner RW. 1999. Wetland Indicators: A guide to wetland identification, delineation, classification, and mapping. CRC Press, 424 p.

Walker BH, Coupland RT. 1968. An analysis of vegetation-environment relationships in Saskatchewan sloughs. Canadian Journal of Botany 46: 509–22.

Whaley KJ, Clarkson BD, Leathwick JR. 1995. Assessment of the Criteria Used to Determine the ‘Significance’ of Natural Area in Relation to Section 6(c) of the Resource Management Act (1991). Landcare Research Contract report prepared for Environment Waikato, Hamilton, 35 p.

Williams M. 2004. Bird Communities of Lakes and Wetlands. In: Harding J, Mosley P, Pearson C, Sorrell B (eds), Freshwaters of New Zealand, pp. 26.5–26.11. New Zealand Hydrological Society Inc and New Zealand Limnological Society Inc, Christchurch, 764 p.

C Groundwater

Anderson MP, Woessner WW. 1992. Applied Groundwater Modelling: Simulation of flow and advective transport. Academic Press, San Diego.

Bidwell VJ. 2005. Groundwater Recharge Interface and Nitrate Discharge: Central Canterbury, New Zealand. In: Acworth RI, Macky G, Merrick NP (eds), Proceedings of the NZHS-IAH-NZSSS 2005 Conference. ‘Where Waters Meet’, Auckland, Paper I17.

Bidwell V, Morgan M. 2001. An Alternative Approach to Evaluating Groundwater Resources at a Regional Scale. Joint conference of the New Zealand Hydrological Society and New Zealand Limnological Society, Palmerston North.

Bowden MJ. 1983. Interim Report on the Groundwater Resource of the Central Plains. North Canterbury Catchment Board, 133 p +appendices.

Bowles JE. 1996. Foundation Analysis and Design (5th ed). New York : McGraw-Hill.

Cameron SG, White PA. 2004. Determination of Key Indicators to Assess Groundwater Quantity in New Zealand aquifers. GNS Science report 2004/111 to Ministry for the Environment.

Environment Canterbury. 2007. www.ecan.govt.nz/Our+Environment/Water/Groundwater/ Groundwater+Analysis+Tools/.

Hunt B. 1999. Unsteady stream depletion from groundwater pumping. Ground Water 37(1): 98–102.

Jenkins CT. 1977. Computation of Rate and Volume of Steady Depletion by Wells. In: Techniques of Water Resources Investigations of the United States Geological Survey, Chapter D1, Book 4.

Kruseman GP, de Ridder NA. 1991. Analysis and Evaluation of Pumping Test Data. International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement. Publication 47, 377 p.

Lambe TW, Whitman RV. 1969. Soil Mechanics. New York: Wiley.

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Pulido-Velazquez MA, Sahuquillo-Herraiz A, Ochoa-Rivera JC, Pulido-Velazquez D. 2005. Modeling of stream-aquifer interaction: the embedded multireservoir model. Journal of Hydrology 313: 166–81.

Rosen MR. 2001. Hydrochemistry of New Zealand’s Aquifers. In: Rosen MR, White PA (eds), Groundwaters of New Zealand, pp. 77–110. New Zealand Hydrological Society Inc, Wellington.

Thorpe HR. 2001. Rainfall and Irrigation Recharge to Groundwater. In: Rosen MR, White PA (eds), Groundwaters of New Zealand, pp. 111–32. New Zealand Hydrological Society Inc, Wellington.

White PA. 1994. Fourier Analysis of Water Levels from Christchurch Wells. New Zealand Geological Society Conference, New Plymouth.

White PA, Brown LJ. 1995. Assessment of the Affects of Artificial Recharge on Groundwater Resources and River Flows in the Heretaunga Plains HBRC Plan number 2656 EM7.97/4 Hawkes Bay Regional Council. GNS Client report 72652–C.10.

White PA, Clausen B, Hunt B, Cameron S, Weir J. 2001. Groundwater-surface water interaction. In: Rosen MR, White PA (eds), Groundwaters of New Zealand, pp. 133-60. New Zealand Hydrological Society Inc, Wellington.

White PA, Daughney C. 2002. Regional Groundwater Quality and Surface Water Quality Model of the Ruataniwha Plains. GNS Client report 2002/128, 111 p.

White PA, Hong Y-S, Murray D, Scott DM, Thorpe HR. 2003. Evaluation of regional models of rainfall recharge to groundwater by comparison with lysimeter measurements, Canterbury, New Zealand. Journal of Hydrology (NZ) 42(1): 39–64.

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