ANZECC water quality guidelines - FAQs
3. How do the new Guidelines differ from the earlier (1992) Guidelines?
The new Guidelines use the previous Guidelines approach as the basic
platform upon which a number of important features, either new or in
expanded form, are added:
- Risk-based. The new Guidelines adopt a risk-based approach, which
is described in more detail in issue 4. This is in line with a general
move worldwide to adopt ecological risk assessment methods and takes
account of the variability and complexity of aquatic ecosystems.
- Tailoring guidelines for local conditions. It is important to note
that the new Guidelines provide default water quality guidelines,
the same as in the previous 1992 document, but that these are now
called guideline trigger values. However and importantly, the new
Guidelines provide protocols for refining guideline trigger values
in the context of local environmental conditions rather than restricting
the user to these universal, single-number values. See issue 4. below
- Holistic approach to water quality management water. The Guidelines
have moved towards a more holistic approach to water quality management:
There is greater focus on issue-based management of water quality
rather than management of the individual indicators of concern. Detailed
guidance is provided for biological assessment, measures for which
are the common end-points for management goals. For the first time,
there are also guidelines for sediment quality and an introduction
to suitable environmental flows for stream and river environments.
Comprehensive water quality assessment requires measurement of biological,
physical and chemical indicators in both water and sediment. The current
Guidelines have been expanded to consider such integrated assessment.
- Deriving trigger values. The methodologies for deriving the physical
and chemical water quality guidelines for ecosystem management (now
termed guideline trigger values) have also been updated. Natural physical
and chemical water quality variables (eg salinity, pH, nutrients)
and aquatic biota inherently vary within and amongst ecosystem types
and so the preferred method for determining guideline trigger values
is to use high quality (where available) or similar quality reference
sites to determine the target levels or condition of stressors and
biota. This approach provides a guideline which is relevant to the
ecosystem type and locality. To derive guideline trigger values for
toxic chemicals, a risk-based statistical extrapolation method has
been introduced for toxicants with a sufficient toxicological database:
the traditional approach of using assessment factors is used for other
toxicants.