Table A1 Examples of ecosystem goods and services

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System	Goods	Services
Agricultural ecosystems	food crops fibre crops crop genetic resources flowers	maintain limited watershed functions (infiltration, flow control, partial soil protection) provide habitat for birds, pollinators and soil organisms important to agriculture uses atmospheric carbon to form plant material provide employment provide land for absorption of treated wastewater
Coastal ecosystems	fish and shellfish fish-meal (animal feed) seaweeds (for food and industrial use) salt genetic resources	provide moderate storm impact protection (mangroves, barrier islands) provide wildlife (marine and terrestrial) habitat maintain biodiversity dilute and treat wastes, including wastewater provide harbours and transportation routes provide human habitat provide employment contribute to aesthetic beauty and provide recreation
Forest ecosystems	timber fuel wood drinking and irrigation water fodder non-timber products (vines, leaves, etc.) food (honey, mushrooms, fruit, and other edible plants; game;) rongoa (herbal medicines) genetic resources	remove air pollutants emit oxygen cycle nutrients maintain an array of watershed functions (infiltration, purification, flow control, soil stabilisation) maintain biodiversity use atmospheric carbon to form plant material moderate weather extremes and impacts generate soil provide employment provide human and wildlife habitat contribute to aesthetic beauty and provide recreation provide land for absorption/ treatment of wastewater
Freshwater ecosystems	drinking and irrigation water fish hydro-electricity watercress genetic resources recreation	buffer water flow (control timing and volume) dilute and carry away wastes, including wastewater cycle nutrients maintain biodiversity provide aquatic habitat provide transportation corridor provide employment contribute to aesthetic beauty and provide recreation
Grassland ecosystems	livestock (food, game, hides, fibre) drinking and irrigation water genetic resources	maintain an array of watershed functions (infiltration, purification, flow control, soil stabilisation) cycle nutrients remove air pollutants emit oxygen maintain biodiversity generate soil uses atmospheric carbon to form plant material provide human and wildlife habitat provide employment contribute to aesthetic beauty and provide recreation provide land for absorption/ treatment of wastewater

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