Table 8.3: Comparison of published best practice for monofill design
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| Criteria |
Basel Convention [Basel Convention Working Group (1999)"Basel Convention Technical Guidelines on the Identification and Management of Used Tyres". Basel Convention on the control of transboundary movements on hazardous wastes and their disposal. Document No. 10.] |
CIWMB [California Integrated Waste Management Board (October 2003)"Waste Tire Monofill Proposed Regulatory Requirements".] |
Ohio EPA [Ohio Administrative Code,"Rule 3745-27-60: General Storage and Handling of Scrap Tires","Rule 3745-27-73: Final Closure of a Scrap Tire Monofill Facility" and"Rule 3745-27-74: Post-Closure Care of Scrap Tire Monofill Facilities".] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Site selection |
Avoid wetlands, flood plains, ravines, or steeply graded surfaces |
Avoid areas subject to flooding (100-year return period) |
>300 m from environmentally significant areas, groundwater wells Avoid areas subject to flooding, seismic activity, and land subsidence 90 m from boundary 60 m from surface water |
| Accepted waste |
Baled, shredded, chopped, split tyres Minimum limit to tyre chip sizes Maximum limit to protruding metal |
N/R |
|
| Maximum dimensions |
N/R |
N/R |
|
| Ground surface |
Ideally flat site |
N/R |
No abrupt changes in grade >1.5 m insitu geological material between aquifer and liner |
| Liner system |
Compacted clay layer |
Clay liner or synthetic liner with hydraulic conductivity of |
1m layer of graded soil, compacted at an optimum moisture content OR 0.5 m soil layer with geosynthetic clay liner |
| Daily cell design |
Maximum layer height of 2.5 m |
Maximum depth 6 m Maximum cell area 1161 m2 Minimum of 0.6 m between tire shreds in adjacent cells |
N/R |
| Daily cell cover |
150 mm cover of soil with <5% organic matter |
Minimum of 0.3 m layer of fine graded, non-putrescible soil |
|
| Working face |
Start with biggest tyres and fill gaps with inert material. Minimise tyres left uncovered |
Not more than two cells uncovered at any given time |
N/R |
| Intermediate cover |
0.3 m layer of inert material (earth or hard core) |
Soil with <5% organic matter, compacted to maximum density at optimum moisture content |
0.6m thick fine graded, non-putrescible soil layer and geotextile fabric |
| Final cap system |
Minimum thickness of hard core, vegetation layer |
< 1 x 10-6 cm/sec Last lift compacted to provide flat and stable surface Cutoff walls required where there is potential for lateral movement of fluid |
Geotextile fabric, 1.5 m recompacted soil barrier, 0.5 m geosynthetic clay liner, flexible membrane liner, 0.3 m drainage layer/drainage net, frost protection layer, vegetation layer |
| Leachate collection system |
As per landfill guidelines |
> 0.3 m drainage layer able to rapidly collect leachate Maintain < 0.3 m head on liner |
|
| Stormwater collection |
Capture and contain runoff |
Accommodate precipitation of 100y, 24-hour storm event |
Accommodate peak flow of 25 year, 24-hour storm event |
| Water supply |
N/R |
N/R |
|
| Clear space |
N/R |
N/R |
|
| Ignition sources |
N/R |
N/R |
|
| Stockpiles and fire fighting equipment |
Stockpile of hard core to smother fire |
Cover for minimum depth 0.9 m on all exposed tyre waste and equipment |
N/R |
| Seismic design |
To withstand at least the maximum probable earthquake |
N/R |
Notes:
Abbreviations used in Table: NR, not recommendations.
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