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Table 5.4: New Zealand emissions of key greenhouse gases in 19941.
| Sources and sinks of greenhouse gases | Gas emissions and removals in thousands of tonnes (Gigagrams) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO2 | CH4 | N2O | NOx | CO | HFCs | PFCs | NMVOCs | SF6 | SO2 | |
| Fuel use (e.g. oil, coal, gas)2 | 24,657 | 30.677 | 2.637 | 124.12 | 700.92 | 148.1 | NE | |||
| Emissions from fuel burning | 23,975 | 7.876 | 2.637 | 124.12 | 700.92 | 148.1 | NE | |||
| Energy production industries3 | 5,457 | 0.091 | 0.854 | 18.83 | 1.91 | 0.5 | NE | |||
| Heavy industry4 | 5,247 | 0.459 | 0.769 | 15.85 | 33.00 | 1.8 | NE | |||
| Transport | 10,263 | 7.175 | 0.425 | 84.21 | 663.15 | 141.3 | NE | |||
| Small fuel users5 | 2,912 | 0.143 | 0.564 | 5.15 | 2.77 | 4.4 | NE | |||
| Other fuel use | 96 | 0.002 | 0.016 | 0.33 | 0.09 | 0.1 | NE | |||
| Fugitive emissions6 | 681.92 | 22.807 | ||||||||
| Non-fuel emissions from industry (including solvent and
other product use)7, 8 |
2,671 | 0.12 | 1.61 | 0.60 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 152.97 | 0.18 | 30.92 | |
| Agriculture9 | 1,436.189 | 16.145 | 0.167 | 4.127 | ||||||
| Livestock eructation | 1,418.791 | |||||||||
| Livestock defecation | 17.201 | |||||||||
| Farmed soils | 16.14 | |||||||||
| Paddock burn-offs | 0.197 | 0.005 | 0.167 | 4.127 | ||||||
| Land use change and forestry10 | -13,796 | 4.73 | 0.03 | 1.06 | 41.40 | |||||
| Exotic forest growth | -15,165 | |||||||||
| Native forest and scrub clearance | 1,369 | 4.73 | 0.03 | 1.06 | 41.40 | |||||
| Waste11 | 415.8 | 0.6 | ||||||||
| Solid waste disposal on land | 119.8 | |||||||||
| Primary product processing waste | 296.0 | 0.6 | ||||||||
| Total (Gross) Emissions | 27,328 | 1,887.516 | 19.412 | 126.957 | 747.047 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 152.97 | 0.18 | 30.92 |
| Less carbon absorption | -13,796 | |||||||||
| Total (Net) Emissions | 13,532 | 1,887.516 | 19.412 | 126.957 | 747.047 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 152.97 | 0.18 | 30.92 |
| International Bunkers12 | 2,793 | 0.280 | 0.06 | 34.27 | 6.24 | |||||
NE = not estimated
1 Emission estimates are incomplete or missing for some sectors (e.g. firewood, waste treatment, and incineration) and some gases (e.g. SO2 from fuel combustion).
2 Fuels include oil, coal, gas, and industrial wood waste (but not firewood).
3 Emissions from fuel used while producing other forms of energy, such as electricity, refined oil products (e.g. diesel and petrol), synthetic petrol, and gas.
4 Emissions from fuel used in methanol production, forestry processing, and cement production.
5 Emissions from small fuel users such as homes, offices, factories, farms, schools, hospitals, and other institutions that use boilers, furnaces, incinerators etc.
6 Fugitive emissions are those resulting from gas pipeline leakage, coal mining, and other losses occurring during fuel extraction, transport and storage.
7 Non-fuel emissions from industry are given off when raw materials are heated or chemically changed to produce new materials or chemicals. The greatest source of CO2is steel production. Another major source is the heating of limestone to produce lime and cement. The industries that produce the greatest variety of emissions are aluminium, and iron and steel production, all of which emit CO2, CH4, NOx, CO, and NMVOCs. Aluminium smelting also generates PFCs.
8 The end-use of chemical products, such as HFCs, often leads to their escape into the atmosphere. The 61 tonnes of HFCs imported for use as a refrigerator coolant eventually enters the atmosphere. However, the 120 tonnes imported for use as a catalyst regenerator at the Marsden Point oil refinery is broken down in the process.
9 The amount of CO2 emitted from ploughed and eroding soil is unknown, as is the amount absorbed through soils and scrub.
10 More exotic trees are planted each year than are harvested. The resulting net absorption of CO2 is shown as a negative emission. It is not known how much CO2is absorbed by native forests and by scrub regenerating on abandoned farmland.
11 Emissions from waste treatment plant incinerators are not known. Emissions from wastes generated by processors (e.g. meatworks, dairy factories, wool scours and tanneries) are probably overestimated for CH4 and underestimated for N2O.
12 International bunkers are fuels used in international air and sea transport. They are generally excluded from national emission inventories.
