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8 Bibliography

This list gives sources of hydrological, sediment and erosion data cited in the review, as well as other source relating to economic evaluations, etc. All sources are listed, whether publications, unpublished reports or personal communications.

Adams J. 1979. Sediment loads of North Island Rivers, New Zealand – a reconnaissance. New Zealand Journal of Hydrology 18: 36–48.

Arand J. 2007. Conservation Management Contribution to a Low Greenhouse Gas Economy. Unpublished paper, Strategy and Policy Group, Department of Conservation.

Bargh B. 1977. Output of water, suspended sediment, phosphorus and nitrogen from a small forested catchment. New Zealand Journal of Forestry 7: 162–71.

Bargh B. 1978. Output of water, suspended sediment, phosphorus and nitrogen from a small agricultural catchment. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 21: 29–38.

Bayfield MA, Meister AD. 1998. East Coast Forestry Project Review. Report to Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Wellington.

Bergin DO, Kimberley MO, Marden M. 1995. Protective value of regenerating tea tree stands on erosion–prone hill country, East Coast. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 25: 3–19.

Bicknell K, Cullen R, Hughey K, Meister A, Meyer-Hubbert G, Smallman, C. 2004. Preliminary Study of Environment Research, Science and Technology Benefits. Report for Ministry of Research, Science and Technology. Agribusiness and Economics Research Unit, Lincoln University.

Black R. 1989 unpublished. Reversing the erosion trend on erodible hill country, East Coast North Island. Internal report, Hawkes Bay Catchment Board.

Black R. 1998 personal communication. Sediment yields from Pakuratahi and Tamingimingi catchments (from unpublished LR contract reports to Carter Holt Harvey).

Blackie S. 1992 unpublished. The on-site and off-site costs and benefits of property protection, a Waikato analysis. B Mgmt Studies investigation, University of Waikato, Hamilton.

Blake G. 1973 unpublished. Runoff and sediment data before and during land development, Otutira experimental catchment. Internal report, Water and Soil Division, Ministry of Works and Development.

Blaschke PM, Eyles GO, DeRose RC, Hicks DL. 1992. Physically Sustainable Land Uses in the Taranaki Region. DSIR Land Resources Contract Report 92/27, for Taranaki Regional Council.

Blaschke PM, Trustrum NA, Hicks DL. 2000. Impacts of mass movement on land productivity: a review. Progress in Physical Geography 24: 21–52.

Burton A. 2004 unpublished. Point sample survey of erosion. Internal Report, Tasman District Council.

Butcher Partners. 2006. Economic Benefits of Water in Te Papanui Conservation Park: Inception report. Contract Report for Department of Conservation.

Claridge G. 1980. Studies of Water Quantity and Quality at Taita and their Possible Significance to the Nelson Situation. In: Proceedings of a Seminar on Land Use in Relation to Water Quantity and Quality, Nelson 1979, pp. 14–39. Nelson Catchment Board.

Clough P, Hicks D. 1992. Soil Conservation and the Resource Management Act. NZIER Contract Report to Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries.

Clough P, Hicks D. 1993. Soil Conservation and the Resource Management Act (Summary). MAF Policy Technical Paper 93/2, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries.

Cowie C. 1957. Floods in New Zealand, 1920–1953. Ministry of Works and Development, for Soil Conservation and Rivers Control Council.

Cowie B, Bettjeman W, Hicks DL. 1987. East Coast Project Review. Ministry of Works and Development, Wellington.

Crippen TF. 1999. Hill country erosion monitoring survey for the State of the Environment Report. Contract report to Manawatu-Wanganui Regional Council.

Crippen TC, Hicks DL. 2004. Soil Intactness Assessment of the Wellington Region. Contract report to Wellington Regional Council.

Crippen TC, Scholes P. 2001. Gisborne Point Sampling Provisional Data Summary and Comments. Contract report to Gisborne District Council.

Crozier MJ. 1969. Earthflow occurrence during high intensity rainfall in eastern Otago, New Zealand. Engineering Geology 3: 325–34.

Crozier MJ. 1993. Management issues arising from landslide and related activity. New Zealand Geographer 49: 35–7.

Crozier MJ, Eyles RO. 1980. Assessing the Probability of Rapid Mass Movement. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Australian and New Zealand Conference on Geomechanics, Wellington, NZ Institute of Engineers, pp. 247–51.

Crozier MJ, Eyles RJ, Marx SL, McConchie JA, Owen RC. 1980. Distribution of landslips in the Wairarapa hill country. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 23: 575–86.

Crozier MJ, Eyles RJ, Marx SL, McConchie JA, Owen RC. 1982 unpublished. Mass Movement Erosion, Wairarapa. Victoria University contract report to NWASCA and Wairarapa Catchment Board.

Davoren T. 1986. Land use basin program: comparison of hydrological indices from different land use types. Internal report WS1032, Hydrology Centre, Water and Soil Division, Ministry of Works and Development.

Day T (ed). 2007. Managing Risk: A draft New Zealand protocol. Flood Risk Management Governance Group, Centre for Advanced Engineering, Canterbury University, for NZ Local Government Association and Institute of Professional Engineers of New Zealand.

DeRose R. 1994. Effect of rainfall intensity on the spatial density of shallow landslides in a small watershed, Taranaki, New Zealand. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Forest Hydrology, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 391–8.

De Rose R, Trustrum NA, Blaschke PM. 1993. Post-deforestation soil loss from steepland hillslopes in Taranaki, New Zealand. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 18: 131–44.

De Rose R, Gomez B, Marden M, Trustrum NA. 1998. Gully erosion in Mangatu Forest, New Zealand, estimated from digital elevation models. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 25: 1045–53.

Dons A. 1986. The effect of large-scale afforestation on Tarawera River flows. New Zealand Journal of Hydrology 25: 61–73.

Dons A. 1987. Hydrology and sedimentary regime of a pine, native forest and pasture catchment in the central North Island. New Zealand Journal of Forestry 17: 161–78.

Duncan MJ. 1995. Hydrological impacts of converting pasture and gorse to pine plantation and forest harvesting, Nelson. New Zealand Journal of Hydrology 34: 15–41.

Duncan MJ. 1980. The Impact of Afforestation on Small Catchment Hydrology in Moutere Hills, Nelson. In: Proceedings Seminar on Land Use in Relation to Water Quantity and Quality, Nelson 1979, pp. 61–90. Nelson Catchment Board.

Dymond JR, Hicks DL. 1986. Steepland erosion measured from historical aerial photographs. American Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 41: 252–5.

Dymond JR, Ausseil A-G, Shepherd JD, Buettner L. 2006. Validation of a region-wide model of landslide susceptibility in the Manawatu-Wanganui region of New Zealand. Geomorphology 74: 70–9.

Ensis, NZIER. 2006a. Understanding and Evaluating the Ecosystem Services of Planted and Regenerating Forests. Contract Report POL 129 by Ensis and New Zealand Institute of Economic Research to Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Wellington.

Ensis, NZIER. 2006b. Evaluating the Ecosystem Services of Planted and Regenerating Forests in Selected Regions. Contract Report POL 129 by Ensis and New Zealand Institute of Economic Research to Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Wellington.

Environment Waikato. 2001. Project Watershed. See http://www.ew.govt.nz/regionalservices/ rivercatchment/waikato/index.htm.

Ericksen NJ. 1986. Creating Flood Disasters? New Zealand’s need for a new approach to Urban Flood Hazard. Water & Soil Miscellaneous Publication 77. Ministry of Works for National Water and Soil Conservation Authority, Wellington.

Eyles GO. 1983. The distribution and severity of present soil erosion in New Zealand. New Zealand Geographer 39: 12–28.

Eyles RJ. 1971. Mass movement in Tangoio soil conservation reserve, Hawkes Bay. Earth Science Journal 5: 79–91.

Eyles RJ, Eyles GO. 1982. Recognition of Storm Damage Events. In: Proceedings of the 11th NZ Geography Conference, Wellington, pp. 118–23.

Eyles RJ, Crozier MJ, Wheeler RH. 1978. Landslips in Wellington City. New Zealand Geographer 34: 58–74.

Fahey BD. 1998 personal communication. Sediment yields from Glendhu Forest catchments (from unpublished project reports, FRI).

Fahey BD. 1999 unpublished. Pre-harvest sediment yields: a comparison between pasture and forest. Environmental Working Group Meeting Notes, LIRO.

Fahey BD, Jackson RJ. 1997a. Hydrological impacts of converting native forests and grasslands to pine plantations, South Island, New Zealand. Agriculture and Forestry Meteorology 84: 69–82 (cited by Fahey et al, 2004).

Fahey BD, Jackson RJ. 1997b. Environmental effects of forestry at Big Bush Forest. New Zealand Journal of Hydrology 36: 43–71.

Fahey BD, Rowe LK. 1992. Land Use Impacts. Chapter 15 in: Mosley MP (ed) Waters of New Zealand. New Zealand Hydrological Society.

Fahey BD, Marden M, Phillips CJ. 2003. Sediment yields from plantation forestry and pastoral farming, coastal Hawkes Bay. New Zealand Journal of Hydrology 42: 27–38.

Fahey BD, Duncan M, Quinn J. 2004. Impacts of forestry. In: Harding J, Mosley P, Pearson C, Sorrell B (eds) Freshwaters of New Zealand, pp. 33.1–33.16. NZ Hydrological Society and NZ Limnological Society.

Fransen P. 1996. A Model of Slip Erosion Risk, Central Hawkes Bay Coastal Hill Country. Project Report 59, LIRO.

Fransen P, Brownlie R. 1996. Historical slip erosion in catchments under pasture and radiata pine forest, Hawkes Bay hill country. New Zealand Forestry: 29–33.

Glade T. 1996. The temporal and spatial occurrence of landslide-triggering rainstorms in New Zealand. Heidelberger Geographische Arbeiten 104: 237–51.

Glade T, Crozier MJ. 1996. Towards a national landslide information base for New Zealand. New Zealand Geographer 52: 29–40.

Gomez B, Eden D, Peacock D, Pinkney E. 1998. Floodplain construction by recent rapid vertical accretion, Waipaoa River, New Zealand. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 23: 405–13.

Gomez B, Eden D, Hicks DM, Trustrum N, Peacock D, Wilmshurst J. 1999. Contribution of floodplain sequestration to the sediment budget of the Waipaoa River, New Zealand. In: Marroitt S, Alexander J (eds) Floodplains: Interdisciplinary approaches, pp. 69–88. Special Publication 163, Geological Society of London.

Grant PJ. 1982. Coarse sediment yields from the upper Waipawa river basin, Ruahine Range. New Zealand Journal of Hydrology 21: 81–97.

Griffiths G. 1981. Some suspended sediment yields from South Island catchments, New Zealand. Water Resources Bulletin 17: 662–71.

Griffiths G. 1982. Spatial and temporal variability in suspended sediment yields of North Island basins, New Zealand. Water Resources Bulletin 18: 575–83.

Griffiths G, Hicks DM. 1980. Transport of sediment in mountain streams: performance of a measurement system. New Zealand Journal of Hydrology 19: 131–6.

Gunn I, et al. 2004 unpublished. Lower Ruamahanga Flood Protection Scheme Review. Greater Wellington Regional Council report.

Harmsworth G, Hope G, Page M, Manson P. 1987. An Assessment of Storm Damage at Otoi in Hawkes Bay. Publication 10, Soil Conservation Centre, MWD.

Harmsworth G, Page MJ. 1991. A Review of Selected Storm Damage Assessments in New Zealand. Scientific Report 9, DSIR Land Resources.

Harvey MJ. 1976 unpublished. Site Tolerance in Urban Subdivision. Paper presented to New Zealand Association for Soil Conservation Conference, Palmerston North.

Hawley JG. 1984. Slope instability in New Zealand. In: Spedin IG, Crozier MJ (eds) Natural Hazards in New Zealand, pp. 88–103. UNESCO, Wellington.

Hawley JG, Dymond JG. 1989. How much do trees reduce landsliding? Journal of the American Society for Soil and Water Conservation 43: 495–8.

Hayward J. 1980. Hydrology and Stream Sediments in a Mountain Catchment. Special Publication 17, Tussock Grasslands and Mountain Lands Institute.

He H, Woods RW. 2001 unpublished. Assessment of the Impact of Forestry Plantation on Low Flows in the Shag River Catchment using the Topnet Model. NIWA contract report to Otago Regional Council (cited by Fahey et al, 2004).

Herald J. 1978 unpublished. The Influence of Afforestation in Radiata Pine on the Runoff of a Small Catchment in the Hunua Ranges, Auckland. Paper presented to New Zealand Hydrological Society Symposium, Auckland.

Hicks DL. 1989a. Storm Damage to Bush, Pasture and Forest. Technical Record PN2, DSIR Land Resources.

Hicks DL. 1989b. Farm Conservation Measures’ Effect on Hill Country Erosion. Technical Record PN3, DSIR Land Resources.

Hicks DL. 1990. Landslide Damage to Pasture, Pine Plantations, Scrub and Bush in Taranaki. Technical Record 31, DSIR Land Resources.

Hicks DL. 1991a unpublished. Effect of Soil Conservation Tree Plantings on Damage Sustained by the Whareama Catchment during the Storm of 8–11 April 1991. Contract report to Wellington Regional Council, DSIR Land Resources.

Hicks DL. 1991b. Erosion under pasture, pines, scrub and indigenous forest. New Zealand Forestry 26: 21–2.

Hicks DL. 1992. Impact of soil conservation on storm-damaged hill country grazing lands in New Zealand. Australian Journal for Soil and Water Conservation 5: 34–40.

Hicks DL. 1994 unpublished. Sustainability of Pastoral Farming in the Hill Country; and Options for Sustainable Land Management. Contract Report, Wellington Regional Council.

Hicks DL. 1995. Control of soil erosion on farmland. MAF Policy Technical Paper 95/4.

Hicks DL. 1998 unpublished. A Method for Monitoring State of the Hill Country Environment. Contract report to Manawatu-Wanganui Regional Council.

Hicks DL. 1998 personal communication. Percentage area affected by landslides in mature pine forest at Mahurangi (from unpublished contract report to Carter Holt Harvey).

Hicks DL. 2000a unpublished. Soil Erosion in Auckland’s Hill Country. Contract report to Auckland Regional Council.

Hicks DL. 2000b unpublished. Sediment Generation and Discharge in Plantation Forests: A collation and review of the New Zealand evidence. Contract Report to Carter Holt Harvey Ltd.

Hicks DL. 2000c unpublished. Notes on Land Use in the Ohura Catchment, December 2000. Contract report to Manawatu-Wanganui Regional Council.

Hicks DL. 2003 unpublished. Soil Intactness and Disturbance in the Waikato. Contract report to Environment Waikato.

Hicks DL. 2005a unpublished. Soil Conservation Survey of the Mangarama Catchment. Contract report to Environment Waikato.

Hicks DL. 2005b unpublished. Soil Conservation Survey of the Matahuru Catchment. Contract report to Environment Waikato.

Hicks DL. 2005c unpublished. Soil Conservation Survey of the Pokaiwhenua Catchment. Contract report to Environment Waikato.

Hicks DL. 2005d unpublished. Soil Intactness and Disturbance in the Bay of Plenty. Contract report to Environment Bay of Plenty.

Hicks DL. 2006a unpublished. Erosion and Soil Conservation Status of Waikato West Coast Catchments. Contract report to Environment Waikato.

Hicks DL. 2006b unpublished. Condition of Disturbed Surfaces in the Tararu Catchment, 2003. Contract report to Environment Waikato.

Hicks DL, Crippen TC. 2004 unpublished. Erosion of Manawatu-Wanganui Hill Country during the Storm of 15–16 February 2004. Contract report to Manawatu-Wanganui Regional Council.

Hicks DL, Fletcher JR, Eyles GO, McPail CR, Watson, M. 1993. Erosion of Hill Country in the Manawatu–Wanganui Region 1992: Impacts and options for sustainable land use. Contract report LC9394/51 to Federated Farmers and Manawatu–Wanganui Regional Council, Landcare Research.

Hicks DM. 1990 unpublished. Suspended Sediment Yields from Pasture and Exotic Forest Basins. Paper presented to New Zealand Hydrological Society Symposium, Taupo.

Hicks DM. 1994. Storm Sediment Yields from Basins with Various Land Uses in the Auckland Area. Technical Publication 51, Auckland Regional Council.

Hicks DM, Shankar U. 2003. Sediment from New Zealand Rivers. Miscellaneous Series Chart 79, NIWA.

Hicks DM, Hill J, Shankar U. 1996. Variation of Suspended Sediment Yields around New Zealand: The relative importance of rainfall and geology. In: Proceedings of a Symposium on Erosion and Sediment Yield, Exeter, pp. 149–56. IAHS Publication 236.

Hicks DM, Gomez B, Trustrum NA. 2000. Erosion thresholds and suspended sediment yields, Waipaoa River basin, New Zealand. Water Resources Research 36: 1129–42.

Hicks DM, Quinn J, Trustrum N. 2004. Stream Sediment Load and Organic Matter. In: Harding J, Mosley P, Pearson C, Sorrell B. Freshwaters of New Zealand, pp. 12.1–12.16. NZ Hydrological Society and NZ Limnological Society.

Hill R, Blair I. 2005. Middle Waikato Pilot Project: A review of soil conservation research and catchment environmental monitoring. Environment Waikato Technical Report 2005/16.

Jackson RJ. 1973. Catchment hydrology and some of its problems. In: Proceedings Soil and Plant Water Symposium, Palmerston North, pp. 73–80. DSIR Information Series 16.

Jackson R. 1998 personal communication. Sediment Yields from Ashley Forest Catchments (from unpublished project reports, FRI).

Jessen MJ. 1989. Urban land use capability survey of the Aokautere area, Palmerston North. Contract report to Palmerston North City Council by DSIR Land Resources.

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Lowe A. 1998 personal communication. Sediment yields from Tairua and Riverhead forest catchments (from unpublished project reports, FRI).

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McGlone MS. 1989. The Polynesian settlement of New Zealand in relation to environmental and biotic changes. New Zealand Journal of Ecology (Suppl)12: 115–219.

Maclaren P. 1996. Environmental Effects of Planted Forests in New Zealand. Bulletin 198, Forest Research Institute.

McKelvey P. 1995. Steepland Forests: A historical perspective of protection forestry in New Zealand. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch.

Marden M, Phillips C, Rowan D. 1991. Declining Soil Loss with Increasing Age of Plantation Forests in the Uawa Catchment, East Coast Region. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Land Management, Napier, pp. 358–61. Hawkes Bay Regional Council.

Marden M, Rowan L. 1993. Protective value of vegetation on tertiary terrain before and during Cyclone Bola, East Coast. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 23: 255–63.

McConchie JA. 1980. Implication of landslide activity for urban drainage. New Zealand Journal of Hydrology 19: 27–34.

McElwee H. 1998 unpublished. The Economic, Environmental and Social Impacts of Afforestation of Hill Country Farmland in the East Coast. M Mgmt Studies thesis, University of Waikato, Hamilton.

McKerchar AI. 1980. Hydrological characteristics of land use catchments in the Nelson area. In: Proceedings of a Seminar on Land Use in Relation to Water Quantity and Quality, Nelson 1979, pp. 122–36. Nelson Catchment Board.

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Northland Regional Council. 2007b unpublished. Staff report on Kaeo flood risk reduction remedial works.

O’Loughlin CF. 1980. Water Quality and Sediment Yield Consequences of Forest Practices in North Westland and Nelson. In: Proceedings of a Seminar on Land Use in Relation to Water Quantity and Quality, Nelson 1979, pp. 152–171. Nelson Catchment Board.

O’Loughlin C. 1981. Methods for assessing slope erosion and non–channel sediment sources in upland regions. New Zealand Journal of Hydrology 20: 80–89.

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O’Loughlin CL, Pearce AJ. 1982. Exceptional Storm Influences on Slope Erosion and Sediment Yield in Small Forest Catchments, North Westland, New Zealand. In: Proceedings of the First National Symposium on Forest Hydrology, Melbourne, pp. 84–91.

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Petch A. 1981 unpublished. PhD thesis, University of Waikato.

Phillips C. 1988. Geomorphic effects of two storms on the upper Waitahaia river catchment, Raukumara Peninsula. New Zealand Journal of Hydrology 27: 99–112.

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Rowe LK, Pearce AJ. 1994. Hydrology and related changes after harvesting native forest catchments and establishing Pinus radiata plantations. Hydrological Processes 8: 281–97 (cited by Fahey et al, 2004).

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Salter R, Crippen T, Noble K. 1983. Storm Damage Assessment of the Thames–Te Aroha Area Following the Storm of April 1981. Publication 1, Soil Conservation Centre, Ministry of Works and Development.

Scarf F. 1969. Some Runoff Results from Moutere Soil Conservation Station. Water and Soil Division, Ministry of Works and Development (cited in Wilkie D, 1973, Moutere Soil Conservation Station Water and Soil Division, MWD).

Scarf F. 1970 . Hydrological effects of cultural changes at Moutere experimental basin. New Zealand Journal of Hydrology 9: 142–62.

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Selby MJ. 1972. Relationships between land use and erosion in the central North Island. New Zealand Journal of Hydrology 11: 73–87.

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Selby MJ. 1979. Slope stability studies in New Zealand. In: Murray DL, Ackroyd P (eds) Physical Hydrology: New Zealand experience, pp. 120–34. NZ Hydrological Society.

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Stephens PR, Trustrum NA, Hicks DL. 1981. Experimental survey of catchment condition, Gladstone district, Wairarapa. Internal Report 25, Soil Conservation Centre, Ministry of Works and Development.

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Thompson RC, Luckman PG. 1993. Performance of biological erosion control in New Zealand soft rock hill country. Agroforestry Systems 21: 191–211.

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