New Zealand maintains a systematic programme of atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial measurements of a suite of essential climate variables. These measurements build on a historical archive of observations of climate-related parameters. The measurement programmes are detailed in this report, which is written in accordance with the revised United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) reporting guidelines on global climate change observing systems (Decision 11/CP.13). This report provides an update of the material New Zealand provided on its national Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) activities as part of its Fourth National Communication in 2006.