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18 Concluding Remarks

The 5-year development of the CMS has resulted in a working system that is ready for implementation. The design of both the forest/scrub and soils components have been tested locally and reviewed internationally. Links have been made with other national initiatives that, if developed, could provide considerable operating efficiencies.

Operating manuals will be completed in time for the first field season in early 2002. Data management, processing and reporting requirements remain to be decided.

The CMS is based on land and vegetation information, gathered many years ago, that provided a solid foundation. It demonstrates the value of the collection of basic land information and long-term monitoring to understand the impact of anthropogenic activities. A vision of many researchers and practitioners of environmental management is to have a cost-effective, comprehensive, up-to-date land information system as a national resource. The CMS could provide the nucleus of such a system.

References

Allen, R. 2001: A review of on-going research to strengthen the CMS. MfE contract report JNT 0001/131.

Allen, R.; Wiser, S.; Hall, G.; Moore, T.; Goulding, C.; Beets, P.; Nordmeyer, A. 1998: A national system for monitoring change in carbon storage in indigenous forests and scrub: Testing plot locations on South Island transect. MfE Contract Report JNT9798/166.

Beets, P.N.; Oliver, G.R.; Kimberley, M.O.; Pearce, S.; Robertson, K.; Wiser, S. 2001:  Allometric functions for native forest trees. MfE contract report JNT0001/133.

Daly, B.K.; Wilde, R.H. 1997: Contribution of soil carbon to New Zealand's CO2 emissions. I.  Reclassification of New Zealand soil series to IPCC categories. Landcare Research Contract Report LC9697/096.  

Dunningham, A.; Gibb, R.G. 2001: Information Systems: Development of Reporting Tools. MfE contract report JNT 0001/130.

Gibb, R.G.; Campbell, S.P.; Dunningham, D.; Pilaar, C. 1998: Specifications for meta-data elements and meta-data entry system for MfE Carbon Programme. MfE Contract Report JNT 9798/098.

Giltrap, D.J.; Betts, H.; Wilde, R.H.; Oliver, G.; Tate, K.R.; Baisden, W.T. 2001: Contributions of Soil Carbon to New Zealand’s CO2 emissions. Integrating the general linear model and digital elevation model. MfE contract report JNT0001/136.

Goulding, C.; Beets, P.; Hall, G.; Wiser, S.; Allen, R.; Moore, T. 1998: Estimate of the carbon stored in New Zealand’s indigenous forest and scrub vegetation for 1990. MfE Contract Report JNT: 9798/147.

Hutchinson, M.F. 1995: Interpolation mean rainfall using thin plate smoothing splines.  International Journal of Geographical Information Systems 9: 385–403.

Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change. 1996: Revised guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories.  Chapter 5, Pp. 5.6–5.75.

Landcare Research Limited; Forest Research Institute Limited. 1998: Determining an appropriate carbon monitoring system for New Zealand’s indigenous forest and scrub. MfE Contract Report JNT9798/010.

Leathwick, J.R.; Giltrap, D.J.; Willoughby, E.J. 1997: Contribution of soil carbon to New Zealand's CO2 emissions. III. Climate Information. Landcare Research Contract Report LC9798/002.

McNeil, S.; Scott, N.; Pairman, D.; Belliss, S. 1998:  Measuring forest biomass using multi-polarisation, multi-wavelength radar imagery in New Zealand: A first assessment. MfE Contract Report JNT9798/088.

Newsome, P.J.F. 1987:  The vegetative over of New Zealand. Water and Soil Miscellaneous Publication 112. Wellington, National Water and Soil Conservation Authority.

Newsome, P.J.F.; Willoughby, E.J. 1997: Contribution of soil carbon to New Zealand's CO2 emissions. II. Land use/land cover information. Landcare Research Contract JNT9697/103.

Newsome, P.F.J.; Beets, P.; Page, M.J.; Bellingham, P.; Dunningham, A.; Allen, R.; 1998: Estimating the extent of scrub and indigenous forests. MfE Contract Report LC9798/140.

Ranson, F.J.; Sun, G.; Weischamel, J.J.; Knox, R.G. 1997: Forest biomass from combined ecosystem and radar backscatter modelling. Remote sensing of the Environment 59: 118–133.

Scott, N.A.; Giltrap, D.J.; Daly, B.K.; Smith, C.T.; Tate, K.R. 1997: Contribution of soil carbon to New Zealand's CO2 emissions. IV. Project status report including provisional 1990 baseline soil carbon estimate.  Contract report JNT9798/009.

Stephens, P.; Cohen, A.; Wiser, S.; Newsome, P.; Dymond, J.; Dunningham, A.; Hall, G.; Giltrap, D.; Allen, R. 2001: Integrating the 1996 Land Cover Data Base with the Carbon Monitoring System. MfE contract report JNT0001/132.

Tate, K.R.; Giltrap, D.J.; Claydon, J.J.; Newsome, P.J.F.; Atkinson, I.A.E.; Lee, R.; Taylor, M.D. 1997a: Organic stocks in New Zealand's terrestrial ecosystems. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 27: 315–335.

Tate, K.R.; Scott, N.A.; Newsome, P.F.; Betts, H.; Davis, M.R.; Beets, P.N.; Ford-Robertson, J.; Giltrap, D.J. 1997b: Contribution of Soil Carbon to New Zealand’s CO2 Emissions, Design and testing of national soil system. MfE Contract Report:  JNT9899/094.

Theron, M.; Brown, S.; O'Loughlin, C.; Paustian, K.; Whitmore, A. 1999:  Report on the International Review of the CMS

Wilde, R.H.; Davis, M.; Betts, H.; Tate, K.R. 2001: Contributions of Soil Carbon to New Zealand’s CO2 emissions: The influence of land-use history on coefficients of change. MfE contract report JNT0001/120.

 

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