A general set of questions about prior experience and state of readiness for natural hazards was asked (Tables A5.1-5.2).
In the high impact area of Coromandel, 20 % of respondents had experienced a previous flood event and 19 % two or more events (Table A5.1). This was significantly higher than in the other areas; the next highest was South Waikato, where only 9 % of the respondents had experienced one or more floods.
All n=439 | % |
---|---|
One | 11.4 |
Two | 5.2 |
Three | 2.5 |
Four | 1.6 |
Five | 0.5 |
More than five times | 0.7 |
South Waikato n=107 | % |
One | 6.5 |
Two | 0 |
Three | 0.9 |
Four | 0.9 |
Five | 0 |
More than five times | 0 |
Coromandel low n=47 | % |
One | 2.1 |
Two | 6.4 |
Three | 6.4 |
Four | 2.1 |
Five | 0 |
More than five times | 0 |
Coromandel bach n=72 | % |
One | 0 |
Two | 4.2 |
Three | 0 |
Four | 0 |
Five | 0 |
More than five times | 0 |
Coromandel high n=206 | % |
One | 20.4 |
Two | 8.3 |
Three | 3.4 |
Four | 2.4 |
Five | 1.0 |
More than five times | 1.5 |
% | All n=345 | South Waikato n= 87 | Coromandel Low n=33 | Coromandel Bach n=34 | Coromandel High n=186 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Worst flood | 73.6 | 80.5 | 51.5 | 38.2 | 80.6 |
In their model of hazard preparedness Paton et al. (2001) identified two important precursors of readiness-risk perceptions and hazard cognitions (the extent to which people discuss and think about hazards). Table A5.3 describes the extent to which people perceive the hazard as posing a specific threat to them or to their daily activities. In regard to risk perception, the results indicate low to moderate levels of perceived potential threat from flood hazards. With regard to hazard cognitions, Table A5.3 also indicates low to moderate levels of thought and discussion about flood hazards.
All | n | mean* | s.d. |
---|---|---|---|
I think about floods | 401 | 2.80 | 1.37 |
I talk about floods | 379 | 2.64 | 1.30 |
I get information on floods | 350 | 2.23 | 1.29 |
I think a flood could pose a threat to my personal safety | 368 | 2.21 | 1.41 |
I think a flood could pose a threat to my daily activities (e.g. work, leisure, property) | 383 | 3.04 | 1.49 |
*Scale from 1='Not at all' to 5='A great deal' |
|||
South Waikato | n | mean* | s.d. |
I think about floods | 94 | 2.31 | 1.32 |
I talk about floods | 89 | 2.11 | 1.19 |
I get information on floods | 84 | 1.58 | 0.95 |
I think a flood could pose a threat to my personal safety | 88 | 2.01 | 1.32 |
I think a flood could pose a threat to my daily activities (e.g. work, leisure, property) | 94 | 2.78 | 1.44 |
Coromandel Low | n | mean* | s.d. |
I think about floods | 45 | 2.71 | 1.34 |
I talk about floods | 42 | 2.50 | 1.94 |
I get information on floods | 40 | 2.35 | 1.19 |
I think a flood could pose a threat to my personal safety | 41 | 2.12 | 1.31 |
I think a flood could pose a threat to my daily activities (e.g. work, leisure, property) | 41 | 3.22 | 1.51 |
Coromandel Bach | n | mean* | s.d. |
I think about floods | 65 | 2.00 | 0.95 |
I talk about floods | 57 | 1.96 | 0.84 |
I get information on floods | 54 | 1.57 | 0.92 |
I think a flood could pose a threat to my personal safety | 56 | 1.79 | 1.06 |
I think a flood could pose a threat to my daily activities (e.g. work, leisure, property) | 58 | 2.19 | 1.18 |
Coromandel High | n | mean* | s.d. |
I think about floods | 190 | 3.33 | 1.32 |
I talk about floods | 184 | 3.16 | 1.28 |
I get information on floods | 165 | 2.78 | 1.33 |
I think a flood could pose a threat to my personal safety | 176 | 2.46 | 1.53 |
I think a flood could pose a threat to my daily activities (e.g. work, leisure, property) | 183 | 3.41 | 1.48 |
% | All n=430 | South Waikato n=107 | Coromandel Low n=43 | Coromandel Bach n=69 | Coromandel High n=203 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | 44.9 | 9.5 | 26.1 | 8.7 | 80.3 |
Not sure | 5.8 | 8.6 | 2.2 | 8.7 | 3.9 |
No | 49.3 | 81.9 | 71.7 | 82.6 | 15.8 |
Another important facet of readiness is the extent to which people perceive themselves, and others, as being prepared. Analysis of perception can identify behavior and attitudes that may be counterintuitive or contrary to the goals of education initiatives. Understanding perceptions allows us to assess how people are likely to receive hazard information and use it to put readiness measures in place, and how they will respond to warnings. The data in Table A5.5 reveal that Coromandel high and low impact respondents tended to rate their own individual readiness as being greater than that of their community as a whole and, most interestingly, also greater than that of the central and local government. For South Waikato and Coromandel bach owners this was the opposite-the readiness of the central and local government was perceived as being higher than that of the respondent.
All | Don't know (%) | Of those who didn't answer 'Don't know' | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
n | mean* | s.d. | ||
Your household | 2.7 | 398 | 2.02 | 0.85 |
Your community | 14.4 | 340 | 2.32 | 0.76 |
Central government Ministries (Civil Defence and Emergency Management, Health, Social Development etc.) | 17.4 | 317 | 2.29 | 0.88 |
Regional Council (Environment Waikato) including regional civil defence | 18.4 | 323 | 2.38 | 0.91 |
District council (Thames/Coromandel) including district Civil Defence | 16.9 | 325 | 2.33 | 0.90 |
Lifeline service providers (roading, electricity, telecommunications etc.) | 21.0 | 309 | 2.28 | 0.88 |
*Scale from 1='Very prepared' to 4='Not at all prepared' | ||||
South Waikato | Don't know (%) | Of those who didn't answer 'Don't know' | ||
n | mean* | s.d. | ||
Your household | 4.0 | 95 | 2.29 | 0.77 |
Your community | 17.7 | 79 | 2.47 | 0.66 |
Central government Ministries (Civil Defence and Emergency Management, Health, Social Development etc.) | 22.1 | 74 | 2.16 | 0.84 |
Regional Council (Environment Waikato) including regional civil defence | 17.5 | 80 | 2.21 | 0.90 |
District council (Thames/Coromandel) including district Civil Defence | 25.9 | 63 | 2.05 | 0.85 |
Lifeline service providers (roading, electricity, telecommunications etc.) | 22.4 | 76 | 2.24 | 0.80 |
Coromandel Low | Don't know (%) | Of those who didn't answer 'Don't know' | ||
n | mean* | s.d. | ||
Your household | 0 | 40 | 1.98 | 0.77 |
Your community | 4.9 | 39 | 2.18 | 0.68 |
Central government Ministries (Civil Defence and Emergency Management, Health, Social Development etc.) | 16.7 | 35 | 2.23 | 0.77 |
Regional Council (Environment Waikato) including regional civil defence | 25.6 | 32 | 2.56 | 0.95 |
District council (Thames/Coromandel) including district Civil Defence | 11.6 | 38 | 2.37 | 0.91 |
Lifeline service providers (roading, electricity, telecommunications etc.) | 14.0 | 37 | 2.32 | 0.94 |
Coromandel Bach | Don't know (%) | Of those who didn't answer 'Don't know' | ||
n | mean* | s.d. | ||
Your household | 9.5 | 57 | 2.58 | 0.98 |
Your community | 33.3 | 40 | 2.62 | 0.87 |
Central government Ministries (Civil Defence and Emergency Management, Health, Social Development etc.) | 30.5 | 41 | 2.24 | 0.86 |
Regional Council (Environment Waikato) including regional civil defence | 36.1 | 39 | 2.21 | 0.77 |
District council (Thames/Coromandel) including district Civil Defence | 34.9 | 41 | 2.27 | 0.78 |
Lifeline service providers (roading, electricity, telecommunications etc.) | 33.9 | 39 | 2.05 | 0.72 |
Coromandel High | Don't know (%) | Of those who didn't answer 'Don't know' | ||
n | mean* | s.d. | ||
Your household | 0.5 | 199 | 1.72 | 0.73 |
Your community | 8.2 | 178 | 2.23 | 0.76 |
Central government Ministries (Civil Defence and Emergency Management, Health, Social Development etc.) | 11.0 | 162 | 2.36 | 0.92 |
Regional Council (Environment Waikato) including regional civil defence | 11.6 | 167 | 2.46 | 0.92 |
District council (Thames/Coromandel) including district Civil Defence | 8.2 | 178 | 2.44 | 0.92 |
Lifeline service providers (roading, electricity, telecommunications etc.) | 17.7 | 153 | 2.34 | 0.93 |
All n=439 | % |
---|---|
Been a member of a local community group related to flooding | 13.9 |
Written letters to relevant authorities about flooding | 15.7 |
Attended meetings related to flooding | 41.2 |
None of these | 44.0 |
South Waikato n=107 | % |
Been a member of a local community group related to flooding | 3.7 |
Written letters to relevant authorities about flooding | 15.0 |
Attended meetings related to flooding | 14.0 |
None of these | 69.2 |
Coromandel low n=47 | % |
Been a member of a local community group related to flooding | 17.0 |
Written letters to relevant authorities about flooding | 12.8 |
Attended meetings related to flooding | 14.9 |
None of these | 55.3 |
Coromandel bach =72 | % |
Been a member of a local community group related to flooding | 2.8 |
Written letters to relevant authorities about flooding | 0 |
Attended meetings related to flooding | 9.7 |
None of these | 72.2 |
Coromandel high n=206 | % |
Been a member of a local community group related to flooding | 22.3 |
Written letters to relevant authorities about flooding | 22.8 |
Attended meetings related to flooding | 72.8 |
None of these | 18.0 |
The data in Table A5.7 indicate that in the high impact Coromandel area, people had high levels of intention to seek information on flood risk and reduction activities, and to become involved with others to explore reduction options. Conversely, the levels of these intentions are low in all the other areas.
All (%) | n | No | Possibly | Definitely |
---|---|---|---|---|
Seek information on flood risk to their community | 390 | 29.5 | 36.7 | 33.8 |
Seek information on things to do to prepare for a possible flood | 384 | 25.8 | 43.2 | 31.0 |
Become involved with a local group to discuss how to reduce flood risk to their community | 382 | 43.7 | 33.0 | 23.3 |
Increase their level of insurance | 365 | 80.0 | 14.5 | 5.5 |
Raise the floor level of their house | 365 | 95.3 | 1.6 | 3.0 |
South Waikato (%) | n | No | Possibly | Definitely |
Seek information on flood risk to their community | 99 | 42.4 | 42.4 | 15.2 |
Seek information on things to do to prepare for a possible flood | 96 | 35.4 | 45.8 | 18.8 |
Become involved with a local group to discuss how to reduce flood risk to their community | 93 | 60.2 | 29.0 | 10.8 |
Increase their level of insurance | 97 | 75.3 | 18.6 | 6.2 |
Raise the floor level of their house | 95 | 96.8 | 2.1 | 1.1 |
Coromandel Low (%) | n | No | Possibly | Definitely |
Seek information on flood risk to their community | 41 | 48.8 | 41.5 | 9.8 |
Seek information on things to do to prepare for a possible flood | 41 | 41.5 | 46.3 | 12.2 |
Become involved with a local group to discuss how to reduce flood risk to their community | 39 | 61.5 | 35.9 | 2.6 |
Increase their level of insurance | 39 | 79.5 | 15.4 | 5.1 |
Raise the floor level of their house | 38 | 94.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 |
Coromandel Bach (%) | n | No | Possibly | Definitely |
Seek information on flood risk to their community | 62 | 46.8 | 46.8 | 6.5 |
Seek information on things to do to prepare for a possible flood | 62 | 38.7 | 51.6 | 9.7 |
Become involved with a local group to discuss how to reduce flood risk to their community | 60 | 76.7 | 21.7 | 1.7 |
Increase their level of insurance | 60 | 85.0 | 13.3 | 1.7 |
Raise the floor level of their house | 59 | 98.3 | 0 | 1.7 |
Coromandel High (%) | n | No | Possibly | Definitely |
Seek information on flood risk to their community | 181 | 12.2 | 27.6 | 60.2 |
Seek information on things to do to prepare for a possible flood | 179 | 12.3 | 38.0 | 49.7 |
Become involved with a local group to discuss how to reduce flood risk to their community | 184 | 20.7 | 38.0 | 41.3 |
Increase their level of insurance | 163 | 81.0 | 12.3 | 6.7 |
Raise the floor level of their house | 167 | 93.4 | 1.8 | 4.8 |
Tables A5.8 and A5.9 explore issues relating to insurance. Generally there was a very high level of insurance coverage reported (over 90 %) in all areas. Over 95 % of all respondents with insurance claims reported that their insurance companies have settled in a fair way. Around a third of high impact Coromandel residents reported that their insurance premiums had gone up (the level of the rise was not requested in the questionnaire) and 20 % claim to have had 'difficulty' getting insurance cover since the event. These figures are significantly higher than in the other areas, but the other areas still reported a significant level of increased premiums (18-20 % of respondents in non-high impact areas reported premium increases). The reported portion of respondents who found it difficult to get insurance cover since the event was very low in non-high impact areas (2-3 %). Given these indications of premium rises and 'difficulty' with insurance cover, further work to quantify and better describe these changes would be worthwhile.
Insured versus uninsured losses, and the impact of these losses on the local and regional economy are discussed in more detail in Section 3.
All (%) | n | Yes | No | Don't know |
---|---|---|---|---|
House Insurance | 422 | 92.9 | 6.2 | 0.9 |
Contents Insurance | 422 | 91.9 | 7.3 | 0.7 |
South Waikato (%) | n | Yes | No | Don't know |
House Insurance | 104 | 89.4 | 9.6 | 1.0 |
Contents Insurance | 105 | 90.5 | 8.6 | 1.0 |
Coromandel Low (%) | n | Yes | No | Don't know |
House Insurance | 42 | 95.5 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
Contents Insurance | 39 | 90.7 | 7.0 | 2.3 |
Coromandel Bach (%) | n | Yes | No | Don't know |
House Insurance | 67 | 98.5 | 1.5 | 0 |
Contents Insurance | 67 | 97.0 | 3.0 | 0 |
Coromandel High (%) | n | Yes | No | Don't know |
House Insurance | 200 | 92.0 | 7.0 | 1.1 |
Contents Insurance | 200 | 91.5 | 8.0 | 0.5 |
All (%) | n | Does not apply | Yes | No |
---|---|---|---|---|
My insurance company has settled my claim in a fair way | 356 | 57.6 | 38.5 | 3.9 |
My insurance rates have gone up since the event | 334 | 38.3 | 28.1 | 33.5 |
I have found it difficult to get insurance cover since the event | 314 | 47.8 | 10.8 | 41.4 |
I cannot afford insurance cover | 293 | 53.9 | 9.9 | 36.2 |
South Waikato (%) | n | Does not apply | Yes | No |
My insurance company has settled my claim in a fair way | 87 | 72.4 | 21.8 | 5.7 |
My insurance rates have gone up since the event | 81 | 50.6 | 19.8 | 29.6 |
I have found it difficult to get insurance cover since the event | 75 | 58.7 | 2.7 | 38.7 |
I cannot afford insurance cover | 75 | 52.0 | 14.7 | 33.3 |
Coromandel Low (%) | n | Does not apply | Yes | No |
My insurance company has settled my claim in a fair way | 37 | 73.0 | 21.6 | 5.4 |
My insurance rates have gone up since the event | 37 | 48.6 | 18.9 | 32.4 |
I have found it difficult to get insurance cover since the event | 33 | 60.6 | 3.0 | 36.4 |
I cannot afford insurance cover | 33 | 57.6 | 3.0 | 39.4 |
Coromandel Bach (%) | n | Does not apply | Yes | No |
My insurance company has settled my claim in a fair way | 48 | 89.6 | 6.3 | 4.2 |
My insurance rates have gone up since the event | 49 | 57.1 | 18.4 | 24.5 |
I have found it difficult to get insurance cover since the event | 49 | 65.3 | 2.0 | 32.7 |
I cannot afford insurance cover | 46 | 71.7 | 0 | 28.3 |
Coromandel High (%) | n | Does not apply | Yes | No |
My insurance company has settled my claim in a fair way | 178 | 37.1 | 60.1 | 2.8 |
My insurance rates have gone up since the event | 161 | 23.6 | 36.6 | 39.8 |
I have found it difficult to get insurance cover since the event | 152 | 32.9 | 19.7 | 47.4 |
I cannot afford insurance cover | 134 | 46.3 | 12.7 | 41.0 |
%) | All n=439 | South Waikato n=107 | Coromandel Low n=47 | Coromandel Bach n=72 | Coromandel High n=206 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neighbourhood watch | 30.5 | 19.6 | 23.4 | 20.8 | 41.3 |
Friends of the River | 0.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.5 |
Volunteer fire brigade | 3.9 | 2.8 | 8.5 | 4.2 | 3.4 |
Lions | 3.2 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 |
Rotary | 1.4 | 0.9 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 0 |
Other | 18.0 | 19.6 | 25.5 | 6.9 | 19.1 |
None | 46.2 | 57.0 | 40.4 | 58.3 | 36.9 |
Misunderstandings in regard to perceived responsibility are also evident in Table A5.11, which indicates that respondents perceived the District Council and the Regional Council as being more responsible than themselves for their protection. Further work is required to assess the basis for this perception (e.g., the extent to which respondents differentiate structural mitigation from the need for them to deal with immediate personal consequences). Although this correlates with legislative roles and responsibilities for flood management for local government, it shows that the communities do not accept high levels of responsibility for protecting themselves and instead look to others to provide protection.
All | n | mean* | s.d. |
---|---|---|---|
Central government | 355 | 3.42 | 1.31 |
Regional Council | 381 | 3.98 | 1.09 |
District Council | 401 | 4.17 | 1.04 |
Individual households | 346 | 3.51 | 1.24 |
There is no use preparing as we can't do much anyway | 271 | 2.28 | 1.35 |
*Scale from 1='Not at all' to 5='A great deal' | |||
South Waikato | n | mean* | s.d. |
Central government | 76 | 3.30 | 1.22 |
Regional Council | 89 | 3.89 | 1.06 |
District Council | 95 | 4.20 | 1.04 |
Individual households | 80 | 3.44 | 1.18 |
There is no use preparing as we can't do much anyway | 61 | 2.30 | 1.33 |
Coromandel Low | n | mean* | s.d. |
Central government | 42 | 3.36 | 1.46 |
Regional Council | 44 | 3.93 | 1.25 |
District Council | 44 | 4.11 | 1.67 |
Individual households | 41 | 3.68 | 1.33 |
There is no use preparing as we can't do much anyway | 36 | 2.19 | 1.58 |
Coromandel Bach | n | mean* | s.d. |
Central government | 55 | 2.75 | 1.31 |
Regional Council | 58 | 3.84 | 1.06 |
District Council | 62 | 3.92 | 1.09 |
Individual households | 56 | 3.61 | 1.09 |
There is no use preparing as we can't do much anyway | 41 | 2.02 | 1.35 |
Coromandel High | n | mean* | s.d. |
Central government | 176 | 3.67 | 1.23 |
Regional Council | 184 | 4.07 | 1.07 |
District Council | 193 | 4.24 | 1.00 |
Individual households | 163 | 3.44 | 1.30 |
There is no use preparing as we can't do much anyway | 129 | 2.39 | 1.30 |
Communities with a high level of social involvement are likely to have a higher level of readiness (Mileti 1999). Feelings of belonging and attachment for people and places encourage involvement in community mitigation (Bishop et al. 2000). However, this process may be linked more closely to the sense of shared fate that exists within a given vulnerable area. Levels of sense of community were reported at moderate to high levels (Table A5.12). The highest level being in the Coromandel high and low impacts areas, followed by South Waikato and finally by Coromandel bach owners with a moderate level of sense of community.
All | n | mean* | s.d. |
---|---|---|---|
I feel 'at home' in this community | 413 | 4.07 | 1.03 |
I am satisfied living in this community | 409 | 4.01 | 1.04 |
I am a useful member of this community | 390 | 3.34 | 1.26 |
I have the same values and beliefs as my neighbours | 389 | 3.38 | 1.19 |
I feel I don't belong in this community | 370 | 1.36 | 0.25 |
I am interested in knowing what goes on in this community | 401 | 3.87 | 1.09 |
I would be happy to leave this community | 371 | 1.71 | 1.15 |
I know my neighbours and/or other community members | 408 | 3.96 | 1.11 |
I have no active involvement in this community | 382 | 2.03 | 1.17 |
*Scale from 1=Doesn't apply' to 5='Applies strongly' | |||
South Waikato | n | mean* | s.d. |
I feel 'at home' in this community | 104 | 3.89 | 1.02 |
I am satisfied living in this community | 100 | 3.88 | 1.00 |
I am a useful member of this community | 98 | 3.51 | 1.51 |
I have the same values and beliefs as my neighbours | 99 | 3.28 | 1.18 |
I feel I don't belong in this community | 90 | 1.43 | 0.93 |
I am interested in knowing what goes on in this community | 101 | 3.76 | 1.13 |
I would be happy to leave this community | 91 | 2.00 | 1.27 |
I know my neighbours and/or other community members | 101 | 3.90 | 1.07 |
I have no active involvement in this community | 94 | 1.96 | 1.12 |
Coromandel Low | n | mean* | s.d. |
I feel 'at home' in this community | 45 | 4.31 | 0.82 |
I am satisfied living in this community | 45 | 4.22 | 0.85 |
I am a useful member of this community | 44 | 3.77 | 1.03 |
I have the same values and beliefs as my neighbours | 45 | 3.49 | 1.10 |
I feel I don't belong in this community | 44 | 1.25 | 0.75 |
I am interested in knowing what goes on in this community | 44 | 4.09 | 0.94 |
I would be happy to leave this community | 44 | 1.70 | 1.05 |
I know my neighbours and/or other community members | 45 | 4.02 | 1.12 |
I have no active involvement in this community | 43 | 1.98 | 1.26 |
Coromandel Bach | n | mean* | s.d. |
I feel 'at home' in this community | 61 | 3.34 | 1.25 |
I am satisfied living in this community | 59 | 3.31 | 1.28 |
I am a useful member of this community | 54 | 2.33 | 1.29 |
I have the same values and beliefs as my neighbours | 55 | 2.89 | 1.24 |
I feel I don't belong in this community | 56 | 1.46 | 0.83 |
I am interested in knowing what goes on in this community | 59 | 3.46 | 1.16 |
I would be happy to leave this community | 56 | 1.59 | 1.08 |
I know my neighbours and/or other community members | 60 | 3.50 | 1.30 |
I have no active involvement in this community | 60 | 2.07 | 1.29 |
Coromandel High | n | mean* | s.d. |
I feel 'at home' in this community | 196 | 4.33 | 0.86 |
I am satisfied living in this community | 199 | 4.23 | 0.91 |
I am a useful member of this community | 188 | 3.46 | 1.22 |
I have the same values and beliefs as my neighbours | 185 | 3.56 | 1.17 |
I feel I don't belong in this community | 174 | 1.33 | 0.80 |
I am interested in knowing what goes on in this community | 191 | 4.00 | 1.04 |
I would be happy to leave this community | 174 | 1.61 | 1.05 |
I know my neighbours and/or other community members | 196 | 4.12 | 1.04 |
I have no active involvement in this community | 179 | 2.07 | 1.13 |
Another key determinant of intention formation is people's judgment regarding their capabilities to organize and execute courses of action required to achieve objectives or to act in specific ways (self-efficacy). The data in Table A5.13 indicates moderate levels of self-efficacy in all response areas.
All | n | mean* | s.d. |
---|---|---|---|
I feel I have control over the things that happen in my life and in the community | 381 | 3.21 | 1.12 |
There is no way I can solve some of the problems I have by myself | 376 | 2.86 | 1.31 |
I can't do much to change what happens in my life or in the community | 377 | 2.54 | 1.17 |
Somehow problems in my life usually solve themselves | 359 | 2.62 | 1.17 |
*Scale from 1='Disagree strongly' to 5='Agree strongly' | |||
South Waikato | n | mean* | s.d. |
I feel I have control over the things that happen in my life and in the community | 95 | 3.14 | 1.06 |
There is no way I can solve some of the problems I have by myself | 97 | 2.75 | 1.18 |
I can't do much to change what happens in my life or in the community | 93 | 2.44 | 1.11 |
Somehow problems in my life usually solve themselves | 92 | 2.79 | 1.09 |
Coromandel Low | n | mean* | s.d. |
I feel I have control over the things that happen in my life and in the community | 42 | 3.24 | 1.12 |
There is no way I can solve some of the problems I have by myself | 43 | 2.60 | 1.24 |
I can't do much to change what happens in my life or in the community | 43 | 2.58 | 1.16 |
Somehow problems in my life usually solve themselves | 42 | 2.71 | 1.18 |
Coromandel Bach | n | mean* | s.d. |
I feel I have control over the things that happen in my life and in the community | 54 | 3.20 | 1.20 |
There is no way I can solve some of the problems I have by myself | 52 | 2.69 | 1.26 |
I can't do much to change what happens in my life or in the community | 55 | 2.53 | 1.30 |
Somehow problems in my life usually solve themselves | 54 | 2.52 | 1.13 |
Coromandel High | n | mean* | s.d. |
I feel I have control over the things that happen in my life and in the community | 183 | 3.22 | 1.13 |
There is no way I can solve some of the problems I have by myself | 179 | 3.01 | 1.38 |
I can't do much to change what happens in my life or in the community | 180 | 2.57 | 1.17 |
Somehow problems in my life usually solve themselves | 166 | 2.52 | 1.23 |
A moderating factor is respondents' perceptions of the physical, time and collaborative resources they have at their disposal (response efficacy). Mileti (1999) discusses the relationship between socio-economic factors and levels of readiness, with households with higher social economic status and non-minorities being better prepared than others. Given the mixed socio-economic status of the respondents in this study, we could expect relatively mixed levels of response efficacy. Table A5.14 indicates only moderate constraints for all items and indicates that these factors will exercise a moderate constraint on readiness and preparation. The slightly elevated standard deviation (s.d. generally 1.2 to 1.5) of responses in Table A5.14 relative to other qualitative responses in Tables A5.11 through A5.13 (s.d. generally 0.8 to 1.2) highlights the highly mixed response to this question.
All | n | mean* | s.d. |
---|---|---|---|
Cost | 369 | 3.41 | 1.46 |
Skill required to prepare | 353 | 2.64 | 1.33 |
Other things to think about instead | 338 | 2.19 | 1.22 |
Need for co-operation with others | 362 | 2.99 | 1.45 |
*Scale from 1='Not at all' to 5='A great deal' | |||
South Waikato | n | mean* | s.d. |
Cost | 92 | 3.52 | 1.37 |
Skill required to prepare | 86 | 2.88 | 1.30 |
Other things to think about instead | 80 | 2.38 | 1.25 |
Need for co-operation with others | 83 | 2.87 | 1.36 |
Coromandel Low | n | mean* | s.d. |
Cost | 42 | 3.12 | 1.47 |
Skill required to prepare | 42 | 2.29 | 1.29 |
Other things to think about instead | 42 | 2.24 | 1.25 |
Need for co-operation with others | 42 | 2.60 | 1.47 |
Coromandel Bach | n | mean* | s.d. |
Cost | 50 | 2.62 | 1.37 |
Skill required to prepare | 52 | 2.44 | 1.21 |
Other things to think about instead | 50 | 2.64 | 1.27 |
Need for co-operation with others | 48 | 2.96 | 1.29 |
Coromandel High | n | mean* | s.d. |
Cost | 179 | 3.65 | 1.45 |
Skill required to prepare | 166 | 2.66 | 1.37 |
Other things to think about instead | 160 | 1.94 | 1.13 |
Need for co-operation with others | 160 | 3.14 | 1.52 |
In the model outlined above, the principal determinant of readiness was the respondent's outcome expectancy. Table A5.15 describes the level of outcome expectancy in the sample. These data indicate moderate levels of positive outcome expectancy in regard to the likely outcome or value of individual efforts to reduce risk. The level of expectation that a damaging flood is something that could occur in the future is high in all areas and the expectancy that they are too destructive to bother preparing for is low in all areas.
All | n | mean* | s.d. |
---|---|---|---|
Floods are too destructive to bother preparing for | 367 | 1.97 | 1.23 |
A flood is unlikely to occur during their lifetime | 372 | 2.35 | 1.51 |
It is unnecessary to prepare for floods as assistance will be provided by the Council and/or the emergency services | 372 | 1.84 | 1.20 |
A damaging flood is something that could occur in the future | 396 | 4.17 | 1.10 |
*Scale from 1='Not at all' to 5='A great deal' | |||
South Waikato | n | mean* | s.d. |
Floods are too destructive to bother preparing for | 86 | 2.17 | 1.32 |
A flood is unlikely to occur during their lifetime | 90 | 2.59 | 1.41 |
It is unnecessary to prepare for floods as assistance will be provided by the Council and/or the emergency services | 90 | 2.03 | 1.24 |
A damaging flood is something that could occur in the future | 92 | 4.03 | 1.05 |
Coromandel Low | n | mean* | s.d. |
Floods are too destructive to bother preparing for | 43 | 1.58 | 1.03 |
A flood is unlikely to occur during their lifetime | 44 | 2.20 | 1.61 |
It is unnecessary to prepare for floods as assistance will be provided by the Council and/or the emergency services | 44 | 1.64 | 1.10 |
A damaging flood is something that could occur in the future | 44 | 4.32 | 1.14 |
Coromandel Bach | n | mean* | s.d. |
Floods are too destructive to bother preparing for | 57 | 1.79 | 1.00 |
A flood is unlikely to occur during their lifetime | 58 | 2.47 | 1.57 |
It is unnecessary to prepare for floods as assistance will be provided by the Council and/or the emergency services | 57 | 1.82 | 0.98 |
A damaging flood is something that could occur in the future | 57 | 3.68 | 1.27 |
Coromandel High | n | mean* | s.d. |
Floods are too destructive to bother preparing for | 175 | 2.01 | 1.28 |
A flood is unlikely to occur during their lifetime | 174 | 2.23 | 1.53 |
It is unnecessary to prepare for floods as assistance will be provided by the Council and/or the emergency services | 175 | 1.80 | 1.26 |
A damaging flood is something that could occur in the future | 196 | 4.36 | 1.00 |
See more on...
Appendix 5: Social data
March 2004
© Ministry for the Environment