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Figure 4.16 shows the effect of building downwash on a plume. In the figure, the stack on the left is located on top of a building and this structure impacts on the wind-flow which, in turn, impacts upon the plume dispersion, pulling it down into the cavity zone behind the building. The stack on the right is located far enough downwind of the building to be unaffected by the wake effects and is not as dispersed in the near field.