Waste is an international commodity and is often exported overseas for treatment. The Basel Convention regulates the movement of hazardous wastes between countries. In addition to this, there are protocols for the environmentally sound management of wastes. This is in recognition that:
... less stringent environmental controls, safety levels or human health standards (usually implying the lower cost options) in some countries have ... created the potential for exporters, importers or waste managers to direct shipments of wastes destined for recovery to OECD countries and/or waste management facilities having lower waste management standards. (OECD, 2007)
Environmentally sound management is defined by the Basel Convention as
taking all practicable steps to ensure that hazardous wastes or other wastes are managed in a manner which will protect human health and the environment against adverse effects which may result from such wastes.
In this context, the criteria to assess environmentally sound management include the following:
Countries also have obligations to avoid and minimize waste generation and to ensure the availability of adequate facilities for their waste, so as to protect human health and the environment.
The Basel Parties are developing technical guidelines on the Trans-boundary movement of e-waste and these should also be referred to.
Last updated:15 March 2011